Production, Secretion and Biological Activity of Bacillus cereus Enterotoxins

Senesi, Sonia; Ghelardi, Emilia

doi:10.3390/toxins2071690

Cited by 112 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In this study, we evaluated the possibility of the contamination of several potent food poisoning bacteria and spoilage bacteria in fermented vegetables sold in local markets in Cambodia Fig.1 Schoeni and Wong, 2005;Senesi and Ghelardi, 2010 . Previous study reported that B. cereus was the most prevalent in fermented meat and fish samples in Thailand Ananchaipattana et al, 2012 .…”

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Microbioligical Hazard Contamination in Fermented Vegetables Sold in Local Markets in Cambodia

et al. 2017

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Fermented vegetables are common part of Cambodian diet. The food safety status for these foods has not been investigated. This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological hazards that contaminated fermented vegetables. A total of 68 samples of fermented vegetables were purchased randomly from five wet markets in Phnom Penh. The conventional culture methods for microbiological analysis were used. Coliform bacteria Escherichia coli, Cronobactersakazakii, and Enterobacter spp. , opportunistic non-Entrobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Listeria spp. were found in these fermented foods. The highest contamination rate of Enterococcus spp. was 34% of total fermented vegetable samples, followed by Bacillus spp. coliform bacteria and E. coli 31%, 24% and 10%, respectively . The potential foodborne pathogen, C. sakazakii, was identified in one sample. Fermented mixed vegetables showed higher contamination rate of coliform bacteria 50% than fermented single-type vegetables 13% . The results showed that fermented vegetables sold in wet market are poor in hygiene. The stage in the processing chain where contamination occurred should be identified and basic sanitary practice should be enforced to improve the food safety of fermented vegetables in Cambodia.

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Microbioligical Hazard Contamination in Fermented Vegetables Sold in Local Markets in Cambodia

et al. 2017

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“…Berbeda dengan hasil pengujian reaksi gram dengan KOH 3% yang menunjukkan bahwa isolat A10 termasuk gram negatif, Bacillus cereus pada umumnya termasuk bakteri gram positif (Senesi & Ghelardi, 2010;Tallent et al, 2012). B. cereus tersebar luas pada berbagai lingkungan, terutama di dalam tanah, dan dapat bertahan lama dalam berbagai kondisi l i n g k u n g a n .…”

Section: Identifikasi Berdasarkan Sekuens Gen 16s Rrna Dan Gyrbunclassified

“…cereus dapat memiliki siklus hidup sebagai saprofit seumur hidupnya, tetapi bakteri ini juga berpotensi sebagai patogen yang menyebabkan sakit pada manusia, terutama sebagai penyebab keracunan makanan yang ditandai dengan diare, gangguan perut, mual atau muntah, yang sebagian besar terjadi pada orang yang kurang sehat, memiliki penyakit kritis atau memiliki kekebalan tubuh yang lemah (McIntyre et al, 2008;Senesi & Ghelardi, 2010;Tallent et al, 2012;). Hasil pengujian Bacillus cereus isolat A10 pada medium skim milk menunjukkan adanya aktivitas enzim protease yang sangat lemah ditandai dengan adanya zona bening yang tipis di sekitar koloni, dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (Gambar 4).…”

Section: Identifikasi Berdasarkan Sekuens Gen 16s Rrna Dan Gyrbunclassified

Eksplorasi Bakteri Endofitik Dan Potensinya Dalam Penghambatan Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus Microporus)

Setyawan

Berlian

Prasetyo

2016

JPK

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One of the control measures of white AbstrakSalah satu cara pengendalian jamur akar putih (JAP) yang memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan di masa mendatang adalah secara biologi dengan memanfaatkan m i k r o b a a n t a g o n i s . P a d a b e r b a g a i komoditas termasuk tanaman karet, bakteri endofitik antagonis telah dimanfaatkan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan patogen. P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k u k a n u n t u k mengeksplorasi, mengidentifikasi bakteri endofitik dari tanaman karet serta menguji potensinya sebagai antagonis terhadap Rigidoporus microporus. Lima isolat berhasil diisolasi dari tanaman sehat di areal endemik JAP (isolat A10, A14, A16) dan areal non endemik JAP (isolat GN1, GN2). Uji oposisi langsung menunjukkan isolat A10 memiliki zona penghambatan terbesar (0,3 cm) pada 4 hari setelah inokulasi dibandingkan isolat lainnya. Identifikasi secara molekuler berdasarkan sekuens gen parsial 16S rRNA dan gen gyrase subunit B terhadap isolat A10 adalah Bacillus cereus. Aktivitas enzim protease ditunjukkan oleh isolat A10 pada medium skim milk dan kemampuannya mencairkan gelatin pada hari keenam setelah inokulasi. Kemampuan menghambat filtrat ekstraseluler yang diuji d e n g a n m e t o d e p a p e r d i s k b e l u m menunjukkan zona penghambatan yang konsisten pada tiap konsentrasi filtrat ekstraseluler yang diberikan. Pada hari ketiga setelah inokulasi (HSI) tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata antar perlakuan. Pengujian

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B. cereus is normally associated with food poisoning that is characterized by either diarrhoea and abdominal distress or nausea and vomiting (Senesi and Ghelardi, 2010). It is also an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients causing severe endophthalmitis, bacteremia, septicemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, gastritis, and cutaneous infections (Senesi and Ghelardi, 2010); Vibrio bacteria is incriminated in mostly gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in man (Health protection agency, 2007); Enterococcus bacteria are common causes of nosocomial infections (Arias et al, 2010), such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections, endocarditis as well as surgical and burn wound infections (Abranches et al, 2013) ; E. coli bacteria, mostly the shiga toxin producing serotypes cause mild to bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) (Brooks et al, 2005). Treatment of these various bacterial infections is, however, being hindered by the prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains (Furtula et …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antibacterial activities of some plant-derived triterpenes

Penduka¹,

Gasa²,

Hlongwane³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: The increase in the prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has necessitated the search for new antimicrobials from alternative sources such as traditional medicinal plants. Materials and Methods:The agar well diffusion method was employed to determine the susceptibilities of four plant derived triterpenes namely, 3β-hydroxylanosta-9, 24-dien-21-oic acid (RA5), and methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9, 24-dien-21oate (RA3), a mixture of oleanolic acid and betulinic acid (SF1) and a mixture of 3β-acetonyloleanolic acid and 3β-acetonylbetulinic acid (SF2), at a concentration of 10 mg/ml against seven Escherichia coli, one Bacillus cereus, five Enterococcus and nine Vibrio bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined through the micro-broth dilution assay. The checkerboard method was used to determine the antibiotictriterpene interactions while the cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase test was used to determine the membrane damaging potentials of the triterpenes in comparison to 3% Triton X-100. Results: The triterpenes RA3, RA5, SF1 and SF2 had activities against 86.4%, 54.6%, 22.7% and 9.09% of the test bacteria respectively. SF1 had the lowest MIC values ranging 0.625-10 mg/ml with lower MIC values being noted against Gram negative bacteria in comparison to Gram positive bacteria; this trend was also noted among the activities of RA3 and RA5 although they had higher MIC value ranges of 1.25-10 mg/ml and 5-10 mg/ml respectively. MBC studies proved the triterpenes to be mostly bacteriostatic. The interaction studies with ciprofloxacin were mainly ranging between indifference and antagonism. RA3 alone showed minimal membrane damaging potential with the levels of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase released ranging from 1-36% in comparison to 3%Triton X-100 against E.coli (DSM-8695) and V. vulnificus (AL 042). Conclusion:The results hereby show the potential that the test triterpenes have as antibacterial agents, especially against the Gram negative bacteria namely E. coli and Vibrio bacteria. Key words: Plant triterpenes, bacteria, MIC, MBC IntroductionPlants have evolved secondary biochemical pathways that allow them to synthesize chemicals known as secondary metabolites, often in response to specific environmental stimuli, such as herbivore-induced damage, pathogen attacks, nutrient depravation and abiotic stresses such as radiation (Kennedy and Wightman, 2011). These secondary metabolites can be unique to specific species or genera and do not play any role in the plants' primary metabolic requirements, but rather they increase their overall ability to survive and overcome local challenges by allowing them to interact with their environment (Cowan, 1999;Kennedy and Wightman, 2011).The importance of plant secondary metabolites in the medical industry has increased with approximately 40% of medicines originating from them (Gershenzon and Kreis, 1999;Babalola and Shode, 2013). This has also seen an increasing research interest into their synth...

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Production, Secretion and Biological Activity of Bacillus cereus Enterotoxins

Cited by 112 publications

References 74 publications

Microbioligical Hazard Contamination in Fermented Vegetables Sold in Local Markets in Cambodia

Microbioligical Hazard Contamination in Fermented Vegetables Sold in Local Markets in Cambodia

Eksplorasi Bakteri Endofitik Dan Potensinya Dalam Penghambatan Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus Microporus)

The antibacterial activities of some plant-derived triterpenes

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