“…Many specialized exact algorithms and heuristics have been developed to deal with o ine and online optimization of job shop and ow shop variants. A plethora of optimization objectives have been de ned [10], among which are minimizing makespan [1,6,13,15], total tardiness [11], maximum lateness [7] mean ow time [14], and total completion time [5,12]. Some approaches can deal only with processing times, others include set-up times, or due dates.…”