“…The term Industry 4.0, however, most likely presents the German political agenda to transform its economy with the implementation of advanced technology not only in organizations, but also in society [ 52 ]. Despite this, it is evident that there are certain clusters of technologies that have formed and now drive ongoing digital transformation endeavors, which may also offer the most appropriate base for Industry 4.0 consideration in our study [ 1 , 53 ]: - Internet of Things (IoT), which integrates various processes with information and communication technologies, cloud computing, smart objects, and machines, leading to cyber–physical systems [ 54 , 55 , 56 ];
- Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS), which use advanced technologies, big data, and real-time two-way communications to control production (and broader business) processes and systems [ 57 , 58 ];
- Smart Factories, which are smaller and decentralized production units that are digitalized and autonomous [ 26 ]. This stage of integration is resulting in processes being much more efficient and productive [ 59 ].
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