Production performance and oxidative stability of milk enriched with n-3 fatty acids in Holstein cows fed flaxseed meal

Abstract

Six Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design to investigate the effect of flaxseed meal on production performance and oxidative stability of milk enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Flaxseed oil was abomasally infused to all cows at 243 g d-1 which increased milk concentration of α-linolenic acid from 3.08 (pretrial) up to 53.0 mg g-1 fat. On a dry matter basis, dietary treatments were: canola meal (165 g kg-1; CM), flaxseed meal (165 g kg-1; FM), and canola meal (165 g kg-1) + vitamin E (300 IU kg-1; VE). Pre-planned contrasts were CM vs. FM and VE vs. FM. No difference was observed on dry matter intake, milk production, and yield of milk protein and lactose for any of the contrasts evaluated. However, fat yield tended to be lower with FM relative to CM but was not different from VE. Milk enterolactone concentration was 6.8-fold greater with FM than with CM, whereas milk tocopherol was increased by 3.4-fold with VE relative to FM. Increased concentrations of enterolactone or tocopherol were not efficient to significantly modify the time course of appearance of propanal, hexanal, hept-cis-4-enal, and 1-octen-3-one in milk during storage evaluated for 10 d at 4 °C.

Effect of postruminal supply of linseed oil in dairy cows: 2. Milk fatty acid profile and oxidative stability

“…In conclusion, our results have shown that milk enriched in cis -9, cis -12 18:2 and cis -9, cis -12, cis -15 18:3 via postruminal supply of L-oil is highly prone to oxidative degradation. Attempts have been made in the past to prevent oxidation of milk containing high levels of polyunsaturated FA (Fauteux et al ., 2016; Rico et al ., 2021) using dietary treatments aimed to increase levels of vitamin E, carotenoids or enterolactones. None of these interventions have been efficient in significantly reducing the production of primary and secondary volatile oxidation products known for their impacts on organoleptic properties of milk (Bendall, 2001).…”

“…Unfortunately, experiments have shown that milk enriched in cis -9, cis -12, cis -15 18:3 is highly prone to oxidative deterioration (Fauteux et al ., 2016; Rico et al ., 2021). Oxidation of polyunsaturated FA has been associated with the development of undesirable flavours (eg rancidity) and potentially toxic chemicals (Arab-Tehrany et al ., 2012), which can impair the nutritional and sensory properties of dairy products.…”

Impact of Using Oilseed Industry Byproducts Rich in Linoleic and Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Ruminant Nutrition on Milk Production and Milk Fatty Acid Profile

“…The lowest ratio of n-6 and n-3 FAs are the BPs of camelina seed and linseed (0.7 and 0.4, respectively), followed by hempseed BPs (3.4). hempseed byproduct [35][36][37]; pumpkin seed byproduct [38][39][40][41][42][43]; sunflower seed byproduct [24,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]; camelina seed byproduct [28,[52][53][54][55][56]; linseed byproduct [42,43,47,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64].…”