Production, Optimization and Partial Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose from Gluconacetobacter xylinus TJU-D2

Du, Renpeng; Wang, Yu; Zhao, Fangkun; Qiao, Xiaoxiao; Song, Qiaozhi; Li, Suyan; Kim, Rak-Chon; Pan, Lei; Han, Yongdian; Xiao, Huining

doi:10.1007/s12649-018-0440-5

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For example, under dry conditions, following lyophilisation to eliminate most of the water, it was typically found that the cellulose had a tensile strength of 240 mPa, an elongation at break of 5%, a maximum strain in other order of 4% and a Young’s modulus of 12 GPa, although it has been shown that a single strand of bacterial cellulose can have a Young’s modulus of 90 GPa. This is somewhat disappointing when compared to wet bacterial cellulose (99% water), as the mechanical properties indicate a tensile strength of 400 mPa, maximum strain in the order of 20%, and Young’s modulus of 130–145 GPa [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The values for Young’s modulus in wet bacterial cellulose indicate that there is a high level of elasticity within the material in comparison to the lyophilised form.…”

Section: Intrinsic Properties Of Bacterial Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Applications of Bacterial Cellulose in Biomedicine

et al. 2021

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Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an extracellular polymer produced by Komagateibacter xylinus, which has been shown to possess a multitude of properties, which makes it innately useful as a next-generation biopolymer. The structure of BC is comprised of glucose monomer units polymerised by cellulose synthase in β-1-4 glucan chains which form uniaxially orientated BC fibril bundles which measure 3–8 nm in diameter. BC is chemically identical to vegetal cellulose. However, when BC is compared with other natural or synthetic analogues, it shows a much higher performance in biomedical applications, potable treatment, nano-filters and functional applications. The main reason for this superiority is due to the high level of chemical purity, nano-fibrillar matrix and crystallinity. Upon using BC as a carrier or scaffold with other materials, unique and novel characteristics can be observed, which are all relatable to the features of BC. These properties, which include high tensile strength, high water holding capabilities and microfibrillar matrices, coupled with the overall physicochemical assets of bacterial cellulose makes it an ideal candidate for further scientific research into biopolymer development. This review thoroughly explores several areas in which BC is being investigated, ranging from biomedical applications to electronic applications, with a focus on the use as a next-generation wound dressing. The purpose of this review is to consolidate and discuss the most recent advancements in the applications of bacterial cellulose, primarily in biomedicine, but also in biotechnology.

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Section: Intrinsic Properties Of Bacterial Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Applications of Bacterial Cellulose in Biomedicine

et al. 2021

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“…Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used on a fully factorial design with 5 levels for the preliminary study and on a Box-Behnken experimental design for the optimization procedure (Ahmed et al 2019;Bae and Shoda 2005;Du et al 2018;Tan et al 2012). For the preliminary study 2 continuous explanatory variables (X 1 : harvest day, X 2 : inoculum volume) were chosen and 1 response variables variable (Y 1 : thickness).…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OPTIMIZATION STUDY Experimental design and target optimal levels for the response parameters A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) experimental design (Ahmed et al 2019;Bae and Shoda 2005;Du et al 2018;Tan et al 2012) was used to optimize the fermentation conditions to obtain BC with properties t for biomedical purposes: drug release (Y 1 ) (Ullah et al 2017), mechanical properties (Y 2 ) (Li et al 2015b), structure (Y 3 ) (Wei et al 2011), as response variables. Two independent variables were considered at 3 levels: inoculum volume (X1) at 1 mL; 3 mL; and 5 mL; and fermentation period (X 2 ) at 6 d; 12 d; and 18 d. The levels were selected based on the results from our preliminary study, but also, according to current research (Bilgi et al 2016;Du et al 2018;Rangaswamy et al 2015;Zeng et al 2011). The BBD generated 15 experimental runs for the fermentation conditions (represented by X 1 and X 2 ) needed to obtain the target response variables (Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 ) for the Response surface methodology (RSM) 3 replicates were set at the center of the design for the estimation of the pure error sum of squares (Ferreira et al 2007;Lim et al 2019).…”

Section: Film Weight and Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum of 5 mL was chosen because higher values decreased the cellulose production (Rangaswamy et al 2015). A maximum chosen because although the reported fermentation period varied from 4 days (Bilgi et al 2016) to 30 days (Zeng et al 2011), the usual maxim was between 14 to 21 days (Bilgi et al 2016;Du et al 2018;Zeng et al 2011), supporting our choice. For the optimization study a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) experimental design was used with 3 levels for both the inoculum volume (1; 3; 5 mL) and fermentation period (6; 12; 18 d) ( Table 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Optimization of moist and oven-dried bacterial cellulose production for functional properties

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Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer with properties suitable for tissue engineering and possible applications in scaffold production. However, current procedures have limitations in obtaining BC pellicles with the desired structural, physical, and mechanical properties. Thus, this study analyzed the optimal culture conditions of BC membranes and 2 types of processing: draining and oven-drying. The aim was to obtain BC membranes with properties suitable for a wound dressing material. Two studies were carried out. In the preliminary study the medium (100 mL) was inoculated with varying volumes (1; 2; 3; 4; and 5 mL) and incubated statically for different periods (3; 6; 9; 12; and 18 days), using a full factorial experimental design. Thickness, uniformity, weight, and yield were evaluated. In the optimization study, a Box–Behnken design was used. Two independent variables were used: inoculum volume (X1: 1; 3; and 5 mL) and fermentation period (X2: 6; 12; and 18 d) to determine the target response variables: thickness, swelling ratio, drug release, fiber diameter, Tensile strength, and Young's Modulus for both dry and moist BC membranes. The mathematical modelling of the effect of the 2 independent variables was accomplished by response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained models were validated with new experimental values, and confirmed for all tested properties, except Young Modulus of oven-dried BC. Thus, the optimal properties in terms of a scaffold material of the moist BC were obtained with an inoculum volume of 5% (v/v) and 16 d of fermentation. While, for the oven-dried membranes a 4% (v/v) and 14 d of fermentation.

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“…In the lyophilised form, bacterial cellulose has an elongation at break of approximately 5% and a typical tensile strength of 340 mPa, a Young’s modulus of 12 GPa, and a maximum strain order of 4%. However, wet bacterial cellulose has a maximum strain order of 20%, tensile strength of 400 mPa, and Young’s modulus of 130–145 GPa, indicating that wet bacterial cellulose has a greater level of elasticity [ 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mould War: Developing an Armamentarium against Fungal Pathogens Utilising Thymoquinone, Ocimene, and Miramistin within Bacterial Cellulose Matrices

et al. 2021

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An increase in antifungal resistance has seen a surge in fungal wound infections in patients who are immunocompromised resulting from chemotherapy, disease, and burns. Human pathogenic fungi are increasingly becoming resistant to a sparse repertoire of existing antifungal drugs, which has given rise to the need to develop novel treatments for potentially lethal infections. Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus has been shown to possess many properties that make it innately useful as a next-generation biopolymer to be utilised as a wound dressing. The current study demonstrates the creation of a pharmacologically active wound dressing by loading antifungal agents into a biopolymer hydrogel to produce a novel wound dressing. Amphotericin B is known to be highly hepatotoxic, which reduces its appeal as an antifungal drug, especially in patients who are immunocompromised. This, coupled with an increase in antifungal resistance, has seen a surge in fungal wound infections in patients who are immunodeficient due to chemotherapy, disease, or injury. Antifungal activity was conducted via Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27, M38, M44, and M51 against Candida auris, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus niger. This study showed that thymoquinone has a comparable antifungal activity to amphotericin B with mean zones of inhibition of 21.425 ± 0.925 mm and 22.53 ± 0.969 mm, respectively. However, the mean survival rate of HEp-2 cells when treated with 50 mg/L amphotericin B was 29.25 ± 0.854% compared to 71.25 ± 1.797% when treated with 50 mg/L thymoquinone. Following cytotoxicity assays against HEp-2 cells, thymoquinone showed a 71.25 ± 3.594% cell survival, whereas amphotericin B had a mean cell survival rate of 29.25 ± 1.708%. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of thymoquinone, ocimene, and miramistin against amphotericin B in the application of novel antifungal dressings.

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Production, Optimization and Partial Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose from Gluconacetobacter xylinus TJU-D2

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Recent Advances and Applications of Bacterial Cellulose in Biomedicine

Recent Advances and Applications of Bacterial Cellulose in Biomedicine

Optimization of moist and oven-dried bacterial cellulose production for functional properties

The Mould War: Developing an Armamentarium against Fungal Pathogens Utilising Thymoquinone, Ocimene, and Miramistin within Bacterial Cellulose Matrices

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