Production of γ-valerolactone from ethyl levulinate over hydrothermally synthesized Sn-Beta under mild conditions

Lu, Tianliang; You, Xiao‐Zeng; Zong, Yanlong; Xu, Yongming; Yang, Xiaomei; Zhou, Lipeng

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126262

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Among the various biomass-derived chemicals, AL can be widely used as solvents, fuel additives, flavoring agents, plasticizers, etc., [22,23] which is also a key material for synthesizing γ-valerolactone, demonstrating its promising application in fine chemical industries. [24,25] Generally, AL is produced by two catalytic approaches. The first is the direct esterification of LA and alcohol by acid catalysis, however, it is too expensive to use LA as a raw material, and the by-product water is not conducive to the reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past decade, FAL has been reported for the synthesis of high‐value‐added chemicals such as a diol (1,2‐pentanediol, 1,4‐pentanediol or 1,5‐pentanediol), [9,10] furfuryl alcohol (FOL), [11–14] tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, [14–16] maleic acid, [17,18] and AL (alkyl levulinate) [19–21] etc. Among the various biomass‐derived chemicals, AL can be widely used as solvents, fuel additives, flavoring agents, plasticizers, etc., [22,23] which is also a key material for synthesizing γ‐valerolactone, demonstrating its promising application in fine chemical industries [24,25] . Generally, AL is produced by two catalytic approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zr Oxo Cluster for Cascade Conversion of Furfural to Alkyl Levulinates

Peng

Jiang

et al. 2023

ChemCatChem

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A novel dodecanuclear Zr oxo cluster [Zr6O4(OH)4 (HSCH2CH2COO)12]2 (ZrO‐SH‐10) has been constructed under the room temperature, followed by oxidation of the sulfhydryl group with H2O2 to achieve a bifunctional catalyst with Lewis acid and Brönsted acid sites. The characterization of catalysts indicated that {Zr6O4} cluster core can be stabilized with a shell of carboxylate ligands, and the resulting ZrO‐SO3H was formed as a discrete molecular catalyst, exhibiting superior activity and recyclability for the cascade conversion of furfural to alkyl levulinate by the integration of transfer hydrogenation and alcoholysis in n‐butanol. The yield of n‐butyl levulinate can achieve as high as 91 % under the optimum conditions. Meanwhile, no leaching of the active species was found, which confirmed the structure of the Zr oxo cluster was air and moisture‐stable. On the basis of the studies on the reaction kinetics and isotope tracking, the reaction mechanism was proposed accordingly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zr Oxo Cluster for Cascade Conversion of Furfural to Alkyl Levulinates

Peng

Jiang

et al. 2023

ChemCatChem

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The ‘Open’ Site of Lewis Acid Zeolites for Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley‐Oppenauer Reactions in Biomass Catalysis

Wu,

Liu,

Guo

et al. 2024

ChemCatChem

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Heteroatom zeolites are efficient catalysts for activating oxygenates in Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley‐Oppenauer (MPVO) reactions, due to the unique Lewis acid character of their tetrahedral heteroatom metal sites. Such Lewis acid zeolites, especially heteroatom Beta zeolites, are intensively investigated with increasing attention in the valorization of biomass‐derived oxygenates. Herein, we first briefly review the recent development and advantage of Lewis acid zeolites for MPVO reactions involved in biomass valorization, majorly based on the selected case studies of the most representative heteroatom Beta zeolites. Increasing recognization of the open framework sites as the intrinsic active sites for Lewis acid zeolites in MPVO reactions has been discussed, with static and dynamic viewpoints. Furthermore, the recent progress on the development of characterization technologies applied in recent the state‐of‐the‐art showcases of identification and quantification of open sites, has been assessed, with a special focus on indirect detection using probe molecules and direct detection approaches. Future opportunities and challenges regarding the development of complimentary in situ characterization technologies and in‐depth understanding of the true nature of active sites and correlative mechanisms are examined for the ultimate goal of providing stable MPVO catalysts in biomass valorization.

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