Production of well-matured compost from night-soil sludge by an extremely short period of thermophilic composting

Nakasaki, Kiyohiko; Ohtaki, Akihito; Takemoto, Minoru; Fujiwara, Shunrokuro

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.11.011

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, the effectiveness of FS composting has not been thoroughly explored especially in urban Africa. Few robust research studies on FS composting have been conducted and published in peer reviewed articles to date (Al-Muyeed et al, 2017;Berendes et al, 2015;Cofie et al, 2009;Hashemi et al, 2019;Koné et al, 2007;Mengistu et al, 2017;Nakasaki et al, 2011;Nartey et al, 2017;Oarga-Mulec et al, 2019;Oarga Mulec et al, 2016;Scott, 1952;Thomas et al, 2018), although doubtlessly, composting of FS has been and is extensively being practiced globally, both informally and formally. Raw or dewatered FS is characterized by low Carbon/Nitrogen ratio (C/N) and high moisture content, making it unsuitable for composting alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considerable literature has been published on co-composting of various feedstock materials such as sewage sludge (Aghili et al, 2019;Banegas et al, 2007;Khadra et al, 2019), farm manures (Nolan et al, 2011;Tiquia and Tam, 2002), and bio-waste materials (Adhikari et al, 2008;Dadi et al, 2019;Khadra et al, 2019) with bulking agents such as rice straw, sawdust, bark, coffee husks, and woodchips. Similarly, studies have been conducted on the composting of FS with different bulking agents such as sawdust (Al-Muyeed et al, 2017;Evans et al, 2015;Hashemi et al, 2019;Nakasaki et al, 2011;Oarga-Mulec et al, 2019;Scott, 1952) oat husks, wheat bran, peat and bark (Oarga-Mulec et al, 2019;Oarga Mulec et al, 2016); rice straw and rice husks (Evans et al, 2015;Hashemi et al, 2019); oil palm empty fruit bunches and cocoa pod husk (Nartey et al, 2017); sugarcane husks (Berendes et al, 2015); and mixed organic waste, (Al-Muyeed et al, 2017;Cofie et al, 2009;Evans et al, 2015;Koné et al, 2007;Mengistu et al, 2017;Thomas et al, 2018). However, the use of other bulking agents has received very little research attention in terms of composting with FS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate of faecal pathogen indicators during faecal sludge composting with different bulking agents in tropical climate

Manga

Camargo‐Valero

Anthonj

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of faecal pathogen indicators during faecal sludge composting with different bulking agents in tropical climate

Manga

Camargo‐Valero

Anthonj

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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“…The correct course of the biological waste composting process depends on many factors, the most important of which are temperature [10], humidity [11], C/N ratio [12,13], porosity [14], and aeration [15]. A crucial initial parameter influencing the dynamics of the composting process is the C/N ratio, because the lack of nitrogen limits the intensity of the process, while the excess of N affects ammonia's intensive emission.…”

Section: Introduction 1composting As An Exothermic Methods Of Biowastmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Heat Removal during Thermophilic Phase on Energetic Aspects of Biowaste Composting Process

et al. 2021

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Composting is the natural, exothermic process where the huge amount of heat that is created is an issue of organic matter decomposition. However, too high temperature can reduce the microbial activity during the thermophilic composting phase. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of heat excess removal from composted materials on the process dynamic. The experiment was performed in two parallel bioreactors. One of them was equipped with a heat removal system from the bed of the composted material. Three experiments were carried out with mixtures of different proportions: biological waste, wheat straw, and spent coffee grounds. The content of each option was determined based on a previous study of substrates to maintain the C/N ratio for the right composting process, provide adequate porosity composted material, and enable a proper degree of aeration. The study showed the possibility of receiving part of the heat from the bed of composted material during the thermophilic phase of the process without harm both to the course of composting and the quality of the final product. This shows that at a real scale, it can be possible to recover an important amount of heat from composted materials as a low-temperature heat source.

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“…3 Therefore, it is urgent to conduct research on new processes and technologies and explore economical and effective wastewater treatment methods. [4][5][6] High-speed rail toilet wastewater is a type of toilet wastewater with an ammonia nitrogen concentration that can be greater than 800 mg L -1 and an organic carbon concentration greater than 1000 mg L -1 ; thus, it is a typical high-concentration, low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio wastewater. 7 Anammox technology is a new type of biological nitrogen removal technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process research of one‐stage partial nitrification‐anammox (S‐PN/A) technology in toilet water treatment and related kinetic simulation

Liu

Shi

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Toilet water is a typical wastewater that is abundant and has a low organic carbon-to-nitrogen ratio; therefore, it is necessary to explore an economical and efficient treatment option. Partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) technology is characterized by low aeration energy consumption and a high nitrogen removal rate. As a process technology that has emerged in recent years, PN/A technology involves operating conditions that require further study.RESULTS: In this work, two one-stage partial nitrification-anammox (S-PN/A) reactors were operated to achieve nitrogen removal from toilet water. The total nitrogen removal rate of the two reactors reached 85%. The hydraulic nitrogen load of the first reactor was only 0.03 kg N m -3 •d -1 , while the hydraulic nitrogen load of the second reactor reached 0.09 kg N m -3 •d -1 . Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia in the reactor were the main functional bacteria for partial nitrification and anammox. Kinetic simulations were performed using AQUASIM 2.0 software. The results showed that, in the partial nitrification system, the higher the (sludge retention time) SRT , the lower the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration; the optimal operating condition's sludge retention time (SRT) was 10 days and dissolved oxygen (DO) was 0.2 mg L -1 . The higher the SRT in the anammox system, the lower the concentration of ammonia and nitrite nitrogen in the effluent; in addition, the SRT should be greater than 60 days to ensure that as much nitrogen was removed as possible.CONCLUSION: In summary, the research results confirm that it is feasible to use PN/A technology to remove nitrogen from toilet water.

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Production of well-matured compost from night-soil sludge by an extremely short period of thermophilic composting

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Fate of faecal pathogen indicators during faecal sludge composting with different bulking agents in tropical climate

Fate of faecal pathogen indicators during faecal sludge composting with different bulking agents in tropical climate

The Effect of Heat Removal during Thermophilic Phase on Energetic Aspects of Biowaste Composting Process

Process research of one‐stage partial nitrification‐anammox (S‐PN/A) technology in toilet water treatment and related kinetic simulation

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