Production of Vitamins, Exopolysaccharides and Bacteriocins by Probiotic Bacteria

O'Connor, E.B.; Barrett, Eva; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; Hill, Colin; Stanton, Catherine; Ross, R. Paul

doi:10.1002/9780470995785.ch8

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…EPS-producing strains are responsible for a 'ropy' phenotype and are beneficial in the food and health industries. Health benefits associated with EPS include immunostimulatory effects (88,141) , blood cholesterol-lowering effects (87,142) and prebiotic effects (143,144) . β-Glucan is a water-soluble fibre found in cereals, as well as in yeast, bacteria, algae and mushrooms (145) .…”

Section: Microbial Production Of Exopolysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota, the pharmabiotics they produce and host health

et al. 2014

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A healthy gut microbiota plays many crucial functions in the host, being involved in the correct development and functioning of the immune system, assisting in the digestion of certain foods and in the production of health-beneficial bioactive metabolites or ‘pharmabiotics’. These include bioactive lipids (including SCFA and conjugated linoleic acid) antimicrobials and exopolysaccharides in addition to nutrients, including vitamins B and K. Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and reductions in microbial diversity are highlighted in many disease states, possibly rendering the host susceptible to infection and consequently negatively affecting innate immune function. Evidence is also emerging of microbially produced molecules with neuroactive functions that can have influences across the brain–gut axis. For example, γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, catecholamines and acetylcholine may modulate neural signalling within the enteric nervous system, when released in the intestinal lumen and consequently signal brain function and behaviour. Dietary supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics are the most widely used dietary adjuncts to modulate the gut microbiota. Furthermore, evidence is emerging of the interactions between administered microbes and dietary substrates, leading to the production of pharmabiotics, which may directly or indirectly positively influence human health.

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Section: Microbial Production Of Exopolysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota, the pharmabiotics they produce and host health

et al. 2014

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“…Vitamin B12 cannot be synthesized by mammals and must be obtained from exogenous sources like foods or the intestinal microbiota [128]. It has been reported that among the microorganisms some members of the Lactobacillus spp have the ability to produce this vitamin.…”

Section: Vitamin B12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cell metabolism and antioxidant activities. Humans cannot synthesize most of these vitamins, although it is well known that some intestinal bacteria like LAB can produce some vitamins (folate, vitamin B12 or cobalamin, vitamin K2 or menaguino, riboflavin and thiamine) [128,129]. The gut microbiota has been recognized as a source of some watersoluble vitamins, while such vitamins have also been reported as results of the LAB fermentation in yogurt, cheeses and other fermented foods.…”

Section: Lactic Acid Bacteria As Source Of Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin K is present as phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) in green plants and as menaquinone (K2) produced by some intestinal bacteria, like LAB and especially strains of the genera Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc and Streptococcus [128]. Vitamin K deficiency has been involved in some clinical disorders like intracranial hemorrhage in newborn infants and possible bone fracture resulting from osteoporosis [129].…”

Section: Vitamin Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, some lactobacilli strains (L. gasseri, L. salivarius, L. acidophilus and L. johnsonii) used as both starter cultures and probiotics, cannot synthesize folate due to their lacking in some genes involved in folate biosynthesis [130]. Furthermore, it has been reported that some starter cultures and probiotic lactobacillus strains in non-dairy foods utilize more folate than they produce [128,130]. For this reason nowadays the food industry focuses on the strategy to select and use folate producing probiotic strains, to produce fermented products with elevated amounts of "natural" folate concentrations, without increasing production cost, although increasing health benefits [130,133].…”

Section: Folatementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lactic Acid Bacteria as Source of Functional Ingredients

Florou-Paneri¹,

Christaki²,

Bonos³

2013

Lactic Acid Bacteria - R &Amp; D for Food, Health and Livestock Purposes

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Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria: from health-promoting benefits to stress tolerance mechanisms

Caggianiello

Kleerebezem

Spano

2016

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

302

181

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A wide range of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is able to produce capsular or extracellular polysaccharides, with various chemical compositions and properties. Polysaccharides produced by LAB alter the rheological properties of the matrix in which they are dispersed, leading to typically viscous and "ropy" products. Polysaccharides are involved in several mechanisms such as prebiosis and probiosis, tolerance to stress associated to food process, and technological properties of food. In this paper, we summarize the beneficial properties of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by LAB with particular attention to prebiotic properties and to the effect of exopolysaccharides on the LAB-host interaction mechanisms, such as bacterial tolerance to gastrointestinal tract conditions, ability of ESP-producing probiotics to adhere to intestinal epithelium, their immune-modulatory activity, and their role in biofilm formation. The pro-technological aspect of exopolysaccharides is discussed, focusing on advantageous applications of EPS in the food industry, i.e., yogurt and gluten-free bakery products, since it was found that these microbial biopolymers positively affect the texture of foods. Finally, the involvement of EPS in tolerance to stress conditions that are commonly encountered in fermented beverages such as wine is discussed.

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Production of Vitamins, Exopolysaccharides and Bacteriocins by Probiotic Bacteria

Cited by 24 publications

References 202 publications

Gut microbiota, the pharmabiotics they produce and host health

Gut microbiota, the pharmabiotics they produce and host health

Lactic Acid Bacteria as Source of Functional Ingredients

Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria: from health-promoting benefits to stress tolerance mechanisms

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