Production of Virus-Free Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) by Tissue Culture Techniques

Yan, Keru; Du, Xuejie; Mao, Bizeng

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1835-6_17

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These symptoms were similar to those caused by CVB, which has been reported in India [ 12 , 13 ] and Japan [ 11 ]. To determine the causal agent(s) of these symptoms, total RNA was extracted from symptomatic leaves and subjected to RT-PCR analysis using primer pairs for the specific detection of CVB, CVR, CMV, TAV, TMV, PVY, CSVd, and CChMVd, which are epidemic in China [ 6 , 8 , 9 ]. As expected, a specific PCR band for CVB was obtained (Additional file 2 ), indicating that these samples might have been infected with CVB.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, chrysanthemum flowers have been used in traditional medicine considering their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and hypolipidemic effects [ 4 , 5 ]. Chrysanthemum plants are susceptible to virus invasion during cultivation, especially when grown on a large scale [ 6 ]. Virus-like symptoms such as foliar mosaic, stunting, and flower variegations, are commonly observed in chrysanthemum [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chrysanthemum plants are susceptible to virus invasion during cultivation, especially when grown on a large scale [ 6 ]. Virus-like symptoms such as foliar mosaic, stunting, and flower variegations, are commonly observed in chrysanthemum [ 6 , 7 ]. To date, more than 20 viruses and viroids are reported to infect chrysanthemum; in China, the most problematic of which are chrysanthemum virus B (CVB), chrysanthemum virus R (CVR), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tomato aspermy virus (TAV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY), chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd), and chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd) [ 6 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves provides novel insights into the ethylene pathway of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to a Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B

Zhong

Yang

et al. 2022

Virol J

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Background Chrysanthemum virus B (CVB), a key member of the genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexiviridae, causes severe viral diseases in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plants worldwide. However, information on the mechanisms underlying the response of chrysanthemum plants to CVB is scant. Methods Here, an integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of chrysanthemum leaves was conducted to explore the molecular response mechanisms of plants to a Chinese isolate of CVB (CVB-CN) at the molecular level. Results In total, 4934 significant differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) were identified to respond to CVB-CN, of which 4097 were upregulated and 837 were downregulated. Gene ontology and functional classification showed that the majority of upregulated SDEGs were categorized into gene cohorts involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, and ribosome metabolism. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that ethylene pathway-related genes were significantly upregulated following CVB-CN infection, indicating a strong promotion of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. Furthermore, disruption of the ethylene pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana, a model plant, using virus-induced gene silencing technology rendered them more susceptible to cysteine-rich protein of CVB-CN induced hypersensitive response, suggesting a crucial role of this pathway in response to CVB-CN infection. Conclusion This study provides evidence that ethylene pathway has an essential role of plant in response to CVB and offers valuable insights into the defense mechanisms of chrysanthemum against Carlavirus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves provides novel insights into the ethylene pathway of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to a Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B

Zhong

Yang

et al. 2022

Virol J

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“…The analysis of four near-complete genome sequences representing the genetic diversity indicates that recombination might play a significant role in the evolution of the virus [ 4 ]. Up to now, all reported infections of chrysanthemum are RNA viruses [ 5 ], such as chrysanthemum virus B (CVB), chrysanthemum virus R (CVR), tomato aspermy virus (TAV), chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. CVB is the most common virus in ‘Hangju’, which can cause symptoms such as leaf mosaic, mottling, or vein clearing [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Virus-Free Chrysanthemum ‘Hangju’ Productivity and Response to Virus Reinfection in the Field: Molecular Insights into Virus–Host Interactions

Du,

Zhan,

et al. 2024

Plants

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The shoot apical meristem culture has been used widely to produce virus-free plantlets which have the advantages of strong disease resistance, high yield, and prosperous growth potential. However, this virus-free plant will be naturally reinfected in the field. The physiological and metabolic responses in the reinfected plant are still unknown. The flower of chrysanthemum ‘Hangju’ is a traditional medicine which is unique to China. In this study, we found that the virus-free ‘Hangju’ (VFH) was reinfected with chrysanthemum virus B/R in the field. However, the reinfected VFH (RVFH) exhibited an increased yield and medicinal components compared with virus-infected ‘Hangju’ (VIH). Comparative analysis of transcriptomes was performed to explore the molecular response mechanisms of the RVFH to CVB infection. A total of 6223 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the RVFH vs. the VIH. KEGG enrichment and physiological analyses indicated that treatment with the virus-free technology significantly mitigated the plants’ lipid and galactose metabolic stress responses in the RVFH. Furthermore, GO enrichment showed that plant viral diseases affected salicylic acid (SA)-related processes in the RVFH. Specifically, we found that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) genes played a major role in defense-related SA biosynthesis in ‘Hangju’. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant virus–host interactions and have implications for developing strategies to improve plant resistance against viruses.

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“…In fact, large tissues can also be cultured, if only to obtain in vitro plants, and it is much easier to obtain a big tip than a small one. Studies have found that smaller shoot tip culture can remove viruses from infected plants [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], but the effect of longer shoot tip culture on viruses is unclear. Grapevine is a fruit crop with major relevance worldwide and is also among the most well-studied deciduous woody perennials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of In Vitro Culture of Long Shoot Tip on Variant Structure and Titer of Grapevine Viruses

Dong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Plants

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Shoot tip culture is a very effective approach for studying plant viruses. In this study, we evaluated the numbers, diversity, and titer of grapevine viruses in in vitro grapevine plants after long shoot tip culture. Six virus-infected grapevine cultivars (Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Gernischt, Cabernet Sauvignon, Wink, Victoria, and Merlot) collected from six regions of China were used as the research materials. Approximately 1.5 cm long shoot tips were used for meristem culture. The average survival rate of the six grapevine cultivars was 45.7%. Merlot collected from Beijing showed the highest survival rate (80.0%). Regeneration was not achieved in Cabernet Gernischt collected from Liaoning province and Cabernet Sauvignon from Tianjin due to bacterial and fungal contamination. Virus detection conducted in the surviving regenerated plants showed that the virus infection status, including the viral numbers and the species present in plants grown in vitro, was the same as that in corresponding in vivo plants. Moreover, the analysis of sequence diversity and the mutation frequency in grapevine viruses in vitro indicated that the structure of grapevine viruses was stable in long shoot tip culture after four sub-culture passages. Further, the relative viral titer of in vitro grapevine plants was much higher than that of in vivo plants. These results aid in the investigation of viruses in woody plants.

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Production of Virus-Free Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) by Tissue Culture Techniques

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves provides novel insights into the ethylene pathway of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to a Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B

Integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves provides novel insights into the ethylene pathway of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to a Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B

Evaluation of Virus-Free Chrysanthemum ‘Hangju’ Productivity and Response to Virus Reinfection in the Field: Molecular Insights into Virus–Host Interactions

Effect of In Vitro Culture of Long Shoot Tip on Variant Structure and Titer of Grapevine Viruses

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