Production of ultrapure hydrogen from biomass gasification with air

Ji, Peijun; Feng, Wei; Chen, Biaohua

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2008.10.015

Cited by 68 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Chlorine was assumed to form hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) primarily (Petersen and Werther, 2005). These products (HCl, NH 3 , H 2 S, and ash) are assumed to remain unchanged throughout the rest of the gasifier (Ji et al, 2009). The remaining biomass (C, H, and O) is called "volatiles" and forms products in step 2 as discussed below.…”

Section: Drying and Devolatilization (Dd) Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a chemical kinetic model for a biosolids fluidized-bed gasifier and the effects of operating parameters on syngas quality

Champion

Cooper

Mackie

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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In an effort to decrease the land disposal of sewage sludge biosolids and to recover energy, gasification has become a viable option for the treatment of waste biosolids. The process of gasification involves the drying and devolatilization and partial oxidation of biosolids, followed closely by the reduction of the organic gases and char in a single vessel. The products of gasification include a gaseous fuel composed largely of N 2 , H 2 O, CO 2 , CO, H 2 , CH 4 , and tars, as well as ash and unburned solid carbon. A mathematical model was developed using published devolatilization, oxidation, and reduction reactions, and calibrated using data from three different experimental studies of laboratory-scale fluidized-bed sewage sludge gasifiers reported in the literature. The model predicts syngas production rate, composition, and temperature as functions of the biosolids composition and feed rate, the air input rate, and gasifier bottom temperature. Several data sets from the three independent literature sources were reserved for model validation, with a focus placed on five species of interest (CO, CO 2 , H 2 , CH 4 , and C 6 H 6 ). The syngas composition predictions from the model compared well with experimental results from the literature. A sensitivity analysis on the most important operating parameters of a gasifier (bed temperature and equivalence ratio) was performed as well, with the results of the analysis offering insight into the operations of a biosolids gasifier.Implications: As gasification becomes a more prominent waste disposal option, understanding the effects of feedstock composition and gasifier parameters on the production of syngas (rate and quality) becomes increasingly important. A model has been developed for the gasification of dried sewage sludge that will allow for prediction of changes in syngas quality (and energy recovery from the waste), and should be helpful in assessing the benefits of new gasification projects. IntroductionGasification is the thermochemical conversion of organic feedstock into a synthetic gaseous fuel at high temperatures using a limited amount of air. The gaseous fuel produced by a gasifier is referred to as syngas or producer gas. Gasification lies between combustion and pyrolysis, and is a process that utilizes a substoichiometric amount of oxygen for partial oxidation of the feedstock. This in turn provides heat for the largely endothermic reduction reactions that produce the syngas, as well as the initial devolatilization of the biomass within the gasifier.Gasification is an efficient process for reducing the volume of waste, and is a process capable of delivering net energy gains (Greenhouse Gas Technology Center [GGTC], 2012; PuigArnavat et al., 2010). The remaining solids from the process are composed of the mineral ash that was contained in the feed and small amounts of organic ash, principally unreacted solid carbon (char). It is estimated that 7.2 million dry tons of sewage sludge are generated annually in the United States (North East Biosolids and Res...

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Section: Drying and Devolatilization (Dd) Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a chemical kinetic model for a biosolids fluidized-bed gasifier and the effects of operating parameters on syngas quality

Champion

Cooper

Mackie

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The integration strategies developed for communityscale syngas and CHP generation plant based on agricultural wastes, straws 25 , in view to improve energy efficiency, heat recovery and cleaner operations, are as follows. The performance of the biomass gasification plant was validated against literature [25][26][27] and the results are presented elsewhere 24 .…”

Section: Design Of Biomass Waste Based Small Scale Community-scale Gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are the primary pyrolysis derived from a biomass. A biomass devolatilises into gas (comprising of hydrogen, methane, C2: ethane and ethylene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and steam) and tar, leaving behind solid char, as soon as it comes in contact with the hot bed of a gasifier and before any mixing / mass transfer for gasification reactions takes place, thus it's practical to deal with the gas, tar, char and ash components separately in a simulation model 26,29 . Tar was modeled as phenol as revealed in numerous studies 26,30 and as steam and oxygen to balance the C, H and O contents in the biomass (Table 1).…”

Section: Design Of Biomass Waste Based Small Scale Community-scale Gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gasification process under consideration comprises two interconnected pressurized and high temperature fluidised bed reactors: air blown char combustor for the unreacted char (also ash) and steam gasifier for the rest of the biomass, gas and tar [25][26][27] . The flue gas from the air blown char combustor (containing nitrogen and carbon dioxide as the main constituents) and the product gas from the steam gasification (containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide as the main constituents) can be added together, resulting in a product syngas with an appropriate level of hydrogen concentration.…”

Section: Design Of Biomass Waste Based Small Scale Community-scale Gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aspen that works on the Gibbs free energy minimization principle has been widely adopted to represent gasification reactions [24][25][26] . The Aspen based simulation framework for the biomass gasification plant in Fig is about 85% of the total CHP generation including the low grade heat recovered from the effluent recovery unit (50.27 kW th ), based on the scheme proposed in Fig.…”

Section: Design Of Biomass Waste Based Small Scale Community-scale Gementioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Integration and Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Microcombined Heat and Power Systems and Other Renewable Systems Using Biomass Waste Derived Syngas

Sadhukhan¹,

Zhao²,

Leach³

et al. 2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The objective of this paper was to design energy integrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based microcombined heat and power (micro-CHP) systems using syngas derived from lignocellulosic biomass waste.The novel contributions of this work include 1) integration of syngas between a community-scale biomass gasification plant and SOFC based micro-CHP systems in buildings; 2) heat integrated designs of SOFC based micro-CHP systems; 3) integration between SOFC and other heat-led renewable technologies, such as, syngas boilers, ground source heat pump (GSHP) and air source heat pump (ASHP). Conceptual process design frameworks including detailed heat recovery strategies were developed using Aspen plus.It is demonstrated that increases in heat integration between the SOFC inlet and outlet gases enhance the power-to-heat generation ratio from the SOFC albeit at a higher cost of heat exchanger area. A straw (14.6 MJ/kg LHV) based community-scale gasification plant can generate 50-100 kW e of electricity at an overall CHP generation efficiency of ~42%, while if integrated to SOFC based micro-CHP systems (1 kW e ) in individual dwellings via syngas, the overall energy efficiency can be greatly enhanced to ~85%. It is envisaged that the SOFC should be operated at the highest electrical efficiency based on optimal heat integration, however, this needs to be coupled to other heat-led renewable technologies in order to meet the high residential heat to power demand ratio in the UK. Around 2.2 times more syngas may be required in boilers for supplementing residential heating. In integration with a GSHP loop, the flue gas from SOFC can itself be used as a refrigerant and energy integration between the two systems can achieve an overall efficiency of ~90%.

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Overview of Biomass Conversion Processes and Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries

Huang

Ramaswamy

2013

Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries

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Production of ultrapure hydrogen from biomass gasification with air

Cited by 68 publications

References 31 publications

Development of a chemical kinetic model for a biosolids fluidized-bed gasifier and the effects of operating parameters on syngas quality

Development of a chemical kinetic model for a biosolids fluidized-bed gasifier and the effects of operating parameters on syngas quality

Energy Integration and Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Microcombined Heat and Power Systems and Other Renewable Systems Using Biomass Waste Derived Syngas

Overview of Biomass Conversion Processes and Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries

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