“…Since the generation of transgenic goldfish through growth hormone gene transfer has been succeeded (Zhu et al 1985), many of other transgenic fish are successfully constructed, including rainbow trout (Chourrout et al 1986), medaka (Ozato et al 1986), tilapia (Martinez et al 1996), salmon (Fletcher et al 1988), zebrafish (Stuart et al 1988), channel catfish (Dunham et al 1987), and common carp (Zhang et al 1990). Meanwhile, a number of gene transfer approaches including direct microinjection (Zhong et al 2002), retrovirus infection (Linney et al 1999), electroporation (Xie et al 1993), sperm-mediation (Khoo et al 1992) and particle-gun bombardment (Yamauchi et al 2000) were successfully used to deliver foreign DNA into different fish species, but direct microinjection of DNA into the fertilized eggs at one-cell stage has been the prevalent method.…”