Production of trans C18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid in continuous culture fermenters fed diets containing fish oil and sunflower oil with decreasing levels of forage

AbuGhazaleh, A.A.; Jacobson, B. N.

doi:10.1017/s1751731107727489

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Since FO in the diet causes an increase in trans-C18:1 and trans-C18:2 intermediates and a reduction in the flow of C18:0 leaving the rumen it has been postulated (Offer et al, 1999;Shingfield et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2005) that one or more long-chain n-3 fatty acids or biohydrogenation intermediates from FO specifically inhibit the growth and activity of Group B bacteria known to hydrogenate C18:1 to C18:0. In support of this, C22:6n-3 was shown to be associated with the accumulation of trans-C18:1 intermediates in vitro (AbuGhazaleh and Jenkins, 2004;AbuGhazaleh and Jacobson, 2007). In this experiment, the decrease in C18 PUFA flow at the duodenum and corresponding increase in C18 MUFA and PUFA biohydrogenation in response to incremental amounts of FO in the diet is in marked contrast to the observations that C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 decrease cis-9 C18:1 and C18:2n-6 biohydrogenation in vitro (AbuGhazaleh and Jenkins, 2004;AbuGhazaleh and Jacobson, 2007).…”

Section: Rumen Functionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…In support of this, C22:6n-3 was shown to be associated with the accumulation of trans-C18:1 intermediates in vitro (AbuGhazaleh and Jenkins, 2004;AbuGhazaleh and Jacobson, 2007). In this experiment, the decrease in C18 PUFA flow at the duodenum and corresponding increase in C18 MUFA and PUFA biohydrogenation in response to incremental amounts of FO in the diet is in marked contrast to the observations that C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 decrease cis-9 C18:1 and C18:2n-6 biohydrogenation in vitro (AbuGhazaleh and Jenkins, 2004;AbuGhazaleh and Jacobson, 2007). This variation in response across the two studies may be related to an effect of FO inhibiting some bacteria and allowing others to proliferate which may also be involved in lipolysis and biohydrogenation and/or there are other active agents in FO other than these specific long-chain PUFA, such as fatty acid oxidation products which have been shown to have antimicrobial properties (Lee et al, 2007b).…”

Section: Rumen Functionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Effect of fish oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids in steers fed grass or red clover silages

Lee

Shingfield

Tweed

et al. 2008

Animal

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Red clover and fish oil (FO) are known to alter ruminal lipid biohydrogenation leading to an increase in the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of ruminant-derived foods, respectively. The potential to exploit these beneficial effects were examined using eight Hereford 3 Friesian steers fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulae. Treatments consisted of grass silage or red clover silage fed at 90% of ad libitum intake and FO supplementation at 0, 10, 20 or 30 g/kg diet dry matter (DM). The experiment was conducted with two animals per FO level and treatments formed extraperiod Latin squares. Flows of fatty acids at the duodenum were assessed using ytterbium acetate and chromium ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid as indigestible markers. Intakes of DM were higher (P , 0.001) for red clover silage than grass silage (5.98 v. 5.09 kg/day). There was a linear interaction effect (P 5 0.004) to FO with a reduction in DM intake in steers fed red clover silage supplemented with 30 g FO/kg diet DM. Apparent ruminal biohydrogenation of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 were lower (P , 0.001) for red clover silage than grass silage (0.83 and 0.79 v. 0.87 and 0.87, respectively), whilst FO increased the extent of biohydrogenation on both diets. Ruminal biohydrogenation of C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 was extensive on both silage diets, averaging 0.94 and 0.97, respectively. Inclusion of FO in the diet enhanced the flow of total CLA leaving the rumen with an average across silages of 0.22, 0.31, 0.41 and 0.44 g/day for 0, 10, 20 or 30 g FO/kg, respectively, with a linear interaction effect between the two silages (P 5 0.03). FO also showed a dose-dependent increase in the flow of trans-C18:1 intermediates at the duodenum from 4.6 to 15.0 g/day on grass silage and from 9.4 to 22.5 g/day for red clover silage. Concentrations of trans-C18:1 with double bonds from D 4-16 in duodenal digesta were all elevated in response to FO in both diets, with trans-11 being the predominant isomer. FO inhibited the complete biohydrogenation of dietary PUFA on both diets, whilst red clover increased the flow of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 compared with grass silage. In conclusion, supplementing red clover silage-based diets with FO represents a novel nutritional strategy for enhancing the concentrations of beneficial fatty acids in ruminant milk and meat.

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Section: Rumen Functionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Rumen Functionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effect of fish oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids in steers fed grass or red clover silages

Lee

Shingfield

Tweed

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Treatment diets and effluent samples were methylated using the sodium methoxide (NaOCH 3 ) and HCl two-step procedures as outlined by Kramer et al (1997) and analyzed in duplicate for FA as described by Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC) as described by AbuGhazaleh and Jacobson (2007). Apparent biohydrogenation was calculated from C18:1n9, C18:2n6 and C18:3n3 proportions in dietary and effluent C18 FA, assuming that the total C18 FA input equals the total C18 FA output (Lourenç o et al, 2008).…”

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different dietary strategies have been used to decrease the rate of ruminal BH such as feeding plant and marine oils (AbuGhazaleh and Jacobson, 2007;Gudla et al, 2012), or algae (AbuGhazaleh et al, 2009) and increasing forage to concentrate ratio (AbuGhazaleh and Jacobson, 2007). Several feed additives have been also proposed to increase the content of CLA in milk fat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of cinnamaldehyde, monensin and quebracho condensed tannin on rumen fermentation, biohydrogenation and bacteria in continuous culture system

Ishlak

Günal

AbuGhazaleh

2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Please cite this article in press as: Ishlak, A., et al., The effects of cinnamaldehyde, monensin and quebracho condensed tannin on rumen fermentation, biohydrogenation and bacteria in continuous culture system. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. (2015) b s t r a c tThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different feed additives (cinnamaldehyde, monensin, and quebracho condensed tannin extract) on fermentation, trans fatty acids (FA) formation and selected strains of rumen bacteria. Four continuous culture systems were used in 4 × 4 Latin square designs with 4 periods of 10 days each. Treatment diets were: control diet (44:56 forage to concentrate; CON), control plus cinnamaldehyde (CIN) at 400 mg/L, control plus monensin (MON) at 12 mg/L, and control with quebracho condensed tannin extract (QTAN) at 100 g/kg of diet (DM basis). Fermenters were fed treatment diets three times daily at 120 g/day and overflow (effluent) samples were collected from each fermenter on days 8, 9 and 10 of each period to estimate nutrients digestibility and FA composition. On day 10 of each period, three samples were collected from each fermenter at 3 and 6 h post morning feeding for volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia-N and bacterial analyses. Compared with the CON diet, feed additives had no effects (P > 0.05) on apparent dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and organic matter (OM) digestibility but apparent protein digestibility decreased (P < 0.01) with the QTAN and CIN diets. Compared with the CON diet, the concentration of acetate decreased (P < 0.05) with the MON and CIN diets. The concentration of propionate increased (P < 0.05) with the MON and QTAN diets and was greatest with the MON diet. Ammonia-N concentration decreased (P < 0.01) with all feed additives and was least with the QTAN diet. The concentration of C18:0 decreased (P < 0.01) with the three feed additives and was least with the MON diet. Concentration of trans C18:1 and vaccenic acid (VA) increased (P < 0.05) with the MON and CIN diets and was greatest with the MON diet. Compared with the CON diet, the concentration of c9t11CLA increased (P < 0.05) only with the QTAN diet. The DNA abundance of Butyrivibrio proteoclasticum decreased (P < 0.05) with the MON and CIN diets while the DNA abundance for Butyrivibrio VA increased (P < 0.05) with all feed additives compared with the CON diet. Feed additives had no effects (P > 0.05) on the DNA abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica and Butyrivibrio SA.In conclusion, results demonstrate that the feed additives used in this study affected the fermentation and biohydrogenation process.

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“…It has been suggested that DHA may restrain rumen bacterial growth, thereby decreasing the hydrogenation of unsaturated FA, resulting in an increased level of TVA and a decreased level of C 18:0 (Griinari and Bauman, 1999). Other researchers have reported that the accumulation of TVA caused by fi sh oil supplementation in the diet results from inhibition of a reductase in the rumen microorganisms that are responsible for the terminal hydrogenation of TVA to C 18:0 (Wasowska et al, 2006;AbuGhazaleh et al, 2007). Interestingly, we found that the TVA and cis-9, tran-11 CLA content was affected by sampling time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

Influence of docosahexaenoic acid on the concentration of fatty acids and volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid analysed by a rumen-simulation techniques

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Bu³

et al. 2009

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Changes in the composition and content of fatty acids (FA), including volatile fatty acids (VFA), in rumen fl uid were analysed by a rumen-simulation technique (RUSITEC) following dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (C 22:6 ; DHA). Three different diets were tested: basal diet (CON, 60 : 40 forage to concentrate), basal diet plus 0.65% DHA (Trt1) and basal diet plus 1.30% DHA (Trt2). The experiment lasted 7 days (6 days for adaptation and 1 day for sampling). Culture fl uid was collected every 2 h over a 12-h period on the last day of the experimental period. Compared to CON, the stearic (C 18:0 ) concentration decreased by 76.93 and 80.35% when Trt1 and Trt2 were administered, respectively (P<0.01). Whereas the trans-vaccenic acid (trans-11C 18:1 ; TVA) concentration increased by 185 and 126% compared to CON when Trt1 and Trt2 were administered, respectively, the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration increased by 111 and 142%. Compared to CON, addition of DHA changed the profi les of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in culture fl uid, in which propionate content increase in replacement of acetate decrease. The concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA), TVA, and cis-9, trans-11 CLA were affected by the sampling time. These data indicate that dietary supplementation with DHA alters the VFA and FA content of culture fl uid; however, these data should be replicated in vivo.

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Production of trans C18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid in continuous culture fermenters fed diets containing fish oil and sunflower oil with decreasing levels of forage

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of fish oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids in steers fed grass or red clover silages

Effect of fish oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids in steers fed grass or red clover silages

The effects of cinnamaldehyde, monensin and quebracho condensed tannin on rumen fermentation, biohydrogenation and bacteria in continuous culture system

Influence of docosahexaenoic acid on the concentration of fatty acids and volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid analysed by a rumen-simulation techniques

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