Production of Tracheobronchitis in Volunteers With Rhinovirus in a Small-Particle Aerosol1

Cate, Thomas R.; Couch, Robert B.; Fleet, William F.; Griffith, William R.; Gerone, Peter J.; Knight, Vernon

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120501

Cited by 49 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hamparian, Leagus, Hilleman & Stokes (1964) reported the isolation of rhinoviruses from 14 children with lower respiratory disease but did not show a causal relationship although an earlier report from this group (Reilly et al 1962) stated that cases selected for rhinovirus study were among those whose paired sera failed to give evidence of infection with influenza, parainfluenza, reovirus (group), adenovirus (group), and RS virus. Portnoy et al (1965) by Cate et al (1965) and also suggested by our own study of adults with chronic bronchitis (Eadie, Stott & Grist, 1966). , 20 Although herpes simplex virus was isolated significantly more often from the children with respiratory illness than from those with diarrhoeal illness, the stationary antibody levels in the five respiratory cases tested suggest that these were not primary infections with herpes virus, but reactivated latent infections secondary to, not a cause of, the respiratory illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A comparative virological study of children in hospital with respiratory and diarrhoeal illnesses

Stott

Bell

Eadie

et al. 1967

J. Hyg.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Between October 1963 and April 1965, 113 children with respiratory disease and 113 children with diarrhoeal disease were matched for age and time of entry into hospital and studied by virus isolation and serological techniques.Infections with respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, parainfluenza virus and herpes simplex virus respectively were found in 29, 11 and 12 children in the respiratory illness group but in only 1, 2 and 4 children in the diarrhoeal group. Rhinoviruses were isolated from 10 children in each group and in seven cases were associated with lower respiratory disease. Adenovirus infections were found in nine children with respiratory disease and eight with diarrhoea. Of the 40 enteroviruses isolated 16 were associated with respiratory disease and 24 with diarrhoea.A poor or delayed serological response in children under 4 months with RS virus infection was observed. Addition of unheated rabbit serum increased the sensitivity of the neutralization test with RS virus.These findings indicate that respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza virus infections were clearly associated with respiratory illness but the pathogenic role of the other viruses was not clear.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A comparative virological study of children in hospital with respiratory and diarrhoeal illnesses

Stott

Bell

Eadie

et al. 1967

J. Hyg.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, later work on production of infectious aerosols from the respiratory tract confirmed the likelihood of droplet infection (Buckland, Bynoe & Tyrrell, 1965;Couch et al 1966). Colds have been experimentally reproduced not only by instillation of drops into the nose (Bynoe et al 1961) but also by inhalation of small-particle infectious aerosols (Cate et al 1965). However, it has generally proved unexpectedly difficult to reproduce 'natural' transmission of colds from infected to susceptible subjects under defined conditions (Tyrrell, 1965;D'Alessio, Dick & Dick, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the possible transmission of rhinovirus colds through indirect contact

Reed¹

1975

J. Hyg.

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYRhinovirus was recovered from the fingers of 16 of 38 volunteers and others, who were swabbed during the acute stages of their colds. Very low titres of virus were also recovered from 6 of 40 objects recently handled by infected volunteers, but not from the fingers of 18 non-infected subjects whose flat-mates were shedding virus. When rhinovirus from nasal secretions was dried on skin or other surfaces during laboratory experiments, approximately 40-99 % of infectivity was lost.Virus could be transferred from surface to surface by rubbing, the transfer being more efficient if it was carried out while the inoculum was still damp.Volunteers could infect themselves if a moderately heavy dose (88 TCD 50) of virus was inoculated on the finger and then rubbed into the conjunctiva or nostril, especially if the inoculum was still damp. From estimates of virus titres in nasal washings and on fingers, and of amounts transferred by rubbing, it was concluded that spread of colds is unlikely to occur via objects contaminated by the hands of the virus-shedder, but that a recipient might pick up enough virus on his fingers by direct contact with heavily infected skin or secretions to constitute a risk of self-inoculation via the conjunctiva or nostril.

show abstract

“…Over the previous four decades, large numbers of volunteers have been safely infected with respiratory viruses, particularly HRV [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In recent years, a number of new transmissible infectious agents have been discovered and there have been technological advances which have improved methods for their detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early [3][4][5] and more recent [6,7] human volunteer studies of HRV colds have clarified important aspects relating to virus transmission, infectivity, culture, serological responses and immunity in normal subjects. All the studies used safety-tested inocula prepared in-house using guidelines suggested by KNIGHT [8] in 1963.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental rhinovirus infection in volunteers

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

E Ex xp pe er ri im me en nt ta al l r rh hi in no ov vi ir ru us s i in nf fe ec ct ti io on n i in n v vo ol lu un nt te ee er rs sPStudies were conducted in 25 clinically healthy volunteers using a validated HRV inoculum in the first 17 and a new inoculum in the subsequent eight subjects. Severity of cold symptoms, nasal wash albumin levels and airway responsiveness were measured, and the new inoculum was prepared from nasal washes obtained during the cold. The new inoculum was tested using standard virological and serological techniques, as well as a polymerase chain reaction for Mycoplasma pneumoniae.No contaminating viruses or organisms were detected and the methods suggested were workable. Good clinical colds developed in 20 of the 25 subjects and median symptom scores were similar in the validated and new inoculum groups (18 and 17.5, respectively; p=0.19). All subjects shed virus, and there were no differences noted in viral culture scores, nasal wash albumin and rates of seroconversion in the two groups. Although airway responsiveness increased in both groups (p=0.02 and p=0.05), the degree of change was similar.We have performed experimental rhinovirus infection studies and demonstrated similar clinical disease in two inoculum groups. Amplified airway responsiveness was induced; continuing studies will define the mechanisms and suggest modes of treatment.

show abstract

Production of Tracheobronchitis in Volunteers With Rhinovirus in a Small-Particle Aerosol1

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

A comparative virological study of children in hospital with respiratory and diarrhoeal illnesses

A comparative virological study of children in hospital with respiratory and diarrhoeal illnesses

An investigation of the possible transmission of rhinovirus colds through indirect contact

Experimental rhinovirus infection in volunteers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About