Production of the 178m2Hf isomer using a 4.5-GeV electron accelerator

Karamian, S. A.; Carroll, J. J.; Adam, J.; Demekhina, N. A.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2004.04.224

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The 176 Yb( 4 He, 2n) reaction at 36 MeV He-ion beam seemed attractive in another aspect, namely in the sense of the best purity of the produced 178m 2 Hf activity [23], as compared to the spallation and other reactions. Recently, a productivity of high-energy bremsstrahlung for the 178m 2 Hff accumulation has been tested [24] using the Ta sample irradiated with electrons at 5 GeV synchrotron. The analysis and comparison of different methods is given in Ref.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of long-lived hafnium isomers in reactor irradiations

Karamian

Carroll

Adam

et al. 2006

High Energy Density Physics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of long-lived hafnium isomers in reactor irradiations

Karamian

Carroll

Adam

et al. 2006

High Energy Density Physics

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“…The spallation reactions with high energy protons turned out to be the most productive, in which Ta, W and Re targets were used. At the same time, the 178m2 Hf isomers were also rather effectively produced at the 4.5 GeV electron synchrotron [16], when along with the 178m2 Hf isomer several contaminants including 172 Hf, 150 Eu and 133 Ba were reliably detected. The corresponding integrated and mean cross-sections were quantitatively deduced and the optimization of 178m2 Hf isomer production was discussed in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The total activity of the targets irradiated by 4.5 GeV bremsstrahlung photons was very low [16] and, as a result, it did not allow for detection of other long-lived contaminants expected when such highly energetic photons are used. On the other hand, in the case of high energy protons, due to the numerous relatively short-lived contaminants producing very high gamma background [14,15], some of the long-lived nuclides with low production cross-sections could be missed as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of the^178m2Hf isomer using a 1.2 GeV electron accelerator

Kirischuk¹,

Dovbnya²,

Kandybei³

et al. 2013

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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We analyzed possibilities for the production of 178m2Hf isomers in amounts necessary for the preparation of experimental targets. In our case the 178m2Hf isomers were produced during irradiation of the Ta converter by 1.2 GeV electrons at the Kharkiv linear accelerator many years ago. At such high electron energies the concurrent nuclear reactions are very numerous and, though all short-lived nuclei decay completely, the target is contaminated by the significant amount of long-lived nuclides. This allowed us to study the production of not only the 178m2Hf isomer, but also those of 60Co, 101Rh, 102mRh, 108mAg, 133Ba, 150Eu, 152Eu, 154Eu, 158Tb, 173Lu, 174Lu, 172Hf and 179Ta. The production yields and cross-sections for corresponding photonuclear reactions were estimated and compared with the results of other authors and calculations with the aid of the Rudstam formula.

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“…The problem of optimization of such a uniˇed assembly was solved analytically in [11]. As is known, the radiation energy losses of electrons in ultrarelativistic case are proportional to the electron energy…”

Section: M2 Hf Production With Bremsstrahlungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of the 178m2Hf yield at reactions with different projectiles

Karamian

2005

Phys. Atom. Nuclei

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Š • ³Ö´'. . E15-2004-116 '•¥ ¶•¨´É ¡Ñ¥¤¨´¥´´µ£µ ¨´¸É¨ÉÊÉ Ö¤¥•´ÒÌ ¨¸¸²¥¤µ¢ ´¨°. "Ê¡´ , 2004 Karamian S. A. E15-2004-116 Comparative Analysis of the 178m2 Hf Yield at Reactions with Different ProjectilesThe long-lived high-spin 178m2 Hf K-isomer can be produced in nuclear reactions with different projectiles. The reaction yields and cross-sections have been measured in the series of experiments and the results are now overviewed. The systematics of isomer-to-ground state ratios are drawn and real production capabilities are estimated for the best reactions. Such a summary is relevant to the signiˇcance of the isomer studies both for the nuclear-science knowledge and for possible applications. Potential isomer applications have been earlier stressed in popular publications with probably overestimated expectations. The real possibilities are restricted in part by the production yield and by other shortcomings as well.The investigation has been performed at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR.

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Production of the 178m2Hf isomer using a 4.5-GeV electron accelerator

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Production of long-lived hafnium isomers in reactor irradiations

Production of long-lived hafnium isomers in reactor irradiations

Production of the^178m2Hf isomer using a 1.2 GeV electron accelerator

Comparative analysis of the 178m2Hf yield at reactions with different projectiles

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Production of the 178m2Hf isomer using a 4.5-GeV electron accelerator

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Production of long-lived hafnium isomers in reactor irradiations

Production of long-lived hafnium isomers in reactor irradiations

Production of the178m2Hf isomer using a 1.2 GeV electron accelerator

Comparative analysis of the 178m2Hf yield at reactions with different projectiles

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Production of the^178m2Hf isomer using a 1.2 GeV electron accelerator