Production of Synthetic Rutile from Molten Titanium Slag with the Addition of B2O3

Hong, Fan; Duan, Huamei; Kai, Tetsuya; Li, Yuankun; Long, Mujun; Liu, Tao

doi:10.1007/s11837-017-2288-8

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The chloride process, which utilizes rutile as a raw material presently is more favorable economically and generates less waste products; however, sources of natural rutile are limited. Thus, a number of investigations [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] (as shown in Table S1 of Supplementary Materials) have been performed to prepare synthetic rutile. The sulfate process that uses ilmenite or acid soluble titanium slag as raw materials is widely applied, but it is lengthy, and ferrous sulfate byproduct is less marketable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clean Process to Prepare High-Quality Acid-Soluble Titanium Slag from Titanium Middling Ore

et al. 2019

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A direct reduction-magnetic separation-alkali leaching-dilute acid washing method was proposed to prepare high-quality acid-soluble titanium slag (HQASTS) from titanium middling ore. The relevant potential pH diagrams were built, and the analysis results showed that the pH values for alkali leaching and dilute acid washing should be higher than 13.50 and lower than 1.00, respectively. Increasing temperature was beneficial to alkali leaching but not to dilute acid washing. The effects of operating parameters on the TiO2 content and impurity oxides extraction ratios of titanium slag were investigated, and the optimal experimental conditions were obtained. The HQASTS was obtained with TiO2 and Fe2O3 content of 75.37 wt % and 0.96 wt %, respectively, under the above conditions. Furthermore, the leaching mechanism was studied by chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technology, and it was found that the alkali leaching-dilute acid washing process presented in this work could avoid the encapsulation of the unreacted anorthite by the calcium aluminum spinel generated in alkali leaching.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clean Process to Prepare High-Quality Acid-Soluble Titanium Slag from Titanium Middling Ore

et al. 2019

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“…According to the previous study by Dong et al [24], the mineral phases in the high CaO and MgO titanium slag consisted of anosovite (FeTi 2 O 5 , MgTi 2 O 5 , Ti 3 O 5 , and Al 2 TiO 5 ), olivine (Fe 2 SiO 4 and Mn 2 SiO 4 ), and augite (CaSiO 3 and MgSiO 3 ) as determined by X-ray diffraction and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer. Fan et al [25] also confirmed the complex composition of mineral phases in the high CaO and MgO titanium slag. Therefore, the crystallization behaviors of crystals in the high CaO and MgO titanium slag would become more complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Crystallization Behaviors of Anosovite and Silicate Crystals in High CaO and MgO Titanium Slag

Hong

Chen

Liu

et al. 2018

Metals

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Electric-furnace smelting has become the dominant process for the production of the titanium slag from ilmenite in China. The crystallization behaviors of anosovite and silicate crystals in the high CaO and MgO titanium slag were studied to insure smooth operation of the smelting process and the efficient separation of titanium slag and metallic iron. The crystallization behaviors were studied by a mathematical model established in this work. Results show that the crystallization order of anosovite and silicate crystals in high CaO and MgO titanium slag during cooling is: Al2TiO5 > Ti3O5 > MgTi2O5 > MgSiO3 > CaSiO3 > FeTi2O5 > Mn2SiO4 > Fe2SiO4. Al2TiO5 and Ti3O5 have higher crystallization priority and should be responsible for the sharp increase in viscosity of titanium slag during cooling. The total crystallization rates of anosovite and silicate crystals are mainly controlled by Al2TiO5 and MgSiO3, respectively. The mass ratio of Ti2O3/ΣTiO2 has a prominent influence on the total crystallization rate of anosovite crystals while the mass ratio of MgO/FeO has a slight influence on the total crystallization rate of anosovite crystals.

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“…However, in 1995, the introduction of a freeze-lining technique to the ferro-alloy smelting process led to innovations in refractory erosion protection 10 . Owing to this technology, various oxides such as K 2 O and B 2 O 3 have recently been considered as practical flux options for the ilmenite smelting process 11,12 . The addition of a flux into the ilmenite smelting process could innovatively improve the process conditions and energy efficiency by drastically lowering the operating temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of TiO2-FeO-Na2O slag viscosity through molecular dynamics simulations for an energy efficient ilmenite smelting process

Kim

Park

2019

Sci Rep

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Along with the increasing demand for the TiO2 pigment, the ilmenite smelting process has also become significant because it can utilize both rock- and sand-type ilmenite. However, due to the high liquidus temperature of the TiO2 slag system, the smelting process is highly energy consuming. In the present study, the viscosity of molten ilmenite slag was estimated using molecular dynamic simulations at a high temperature to achieve an appropriate and efficient slag design. To verify the validity of the simulation technique, experimental measurements were performed in parallel and their results were compared. The effects of FeO and Na2O addition on viscosity of TiO2 slag were also investigated. The addition of Na2O as a flux enhanced the ilmenite smelting process by not only lowering the liquidus temperature but also slowing the drastic viscosity increase. Statistical information obtained from the molecular dynamic simulations revealed a three-dimensional TiO6 octahedral network structure. The relationship between viscosity and structural change with varying FeO and Na2O concentrations was explored considering the coordination number of Ti and various bonding types.

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Production of Synthetic Rutile from Molten Titanium Slag with the Addition of B2O3

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

A Clean Process to Prepare High-Quality Acid-Soluble Titanium Slag from Titanium Middling Ore

A Clean Process to Prepare High-Quality Acid-Soluble Titanium Slag from Titanium Middling Ore

Crystallization Behaviors of Anosovite and Silicate Crystals in High CaO and MgO Titanium Slag

Estimation of TiO2-FeO-Na2O slag viscosity through molecular dynamics simulations for an energy efficient ilmenite smelting process

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