Production of single cell protein from manure as animal feed by using photosynthetic bacteria

Abstract

To reduce the cost of protein feedstock for animal feed, the use of single cell protein (SCP) produced from waste of animal agriculture is an interesting choice. This study reveals that chicken manure was the best substrate for SCP production by submerged fermentation using photosynthetic bacteria compared to swine, cow, and buffalo manure. Regression analysis showed that the productions were found to be significantly influenced by chicken manure content, inoculum size, and cultivation time. Response surface methodology based on central composite design generated the optimal condition (15% chicken manure, 30% inoculum size and cultivation time for 14 days) at which biomass, protein, and carotenoid productions were increased by 92.3%, 21.6%, and 18.2%, respectively. The percentage of error between the predicted and actual values for biomass, protein, and carotenoid productions were 1.56%, 2.64%, and 2.09%, respectively, which indicates the precision of the model. To verify the quality of SCP, the bacterium was cultured in a photobioreactor to investigate amino acid composition, protein, and nucleic acid contents. The SCP yielded 62.7% protein with essential amino acids including lysine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, and low nucleic acid content of 4.52%. This study suggests an alternative SCP production for animal feed as well as the strategy for animal waste management.

Review on Production of Single-Cell Protein from Food Wastes

“…The report of Hongpattarakere and H-Kittikun (1995) indicated that increasing inoculum size above 5% has no effects on the protein content of Schwunniomyces castellii B5285 biomass grown in cassava starch. Patthawaro and Saejung (2019) also reported no significant difference in the Rhodopseudomonas faecalis biomass produced at 20 and 30% inoculum levels. Yunus et al (2015) reported maximum protein yield in Candida utilis and Rhizopus oligosporus biomass grown in wheat bran at 10% (v/w) inoculum size using 48 hours old culture.…”

A Pathway to Carbon Neutral Agriculture in Denmark

“…Some involve processing manure into a more concentrated dry or liquid fertilizer, although economical efforts to do so today require a high price for organic fertilizer. Some technologies would use manure as a source of protein for animal feed by feeding the manure either to insects or single-celled organisms, such as bacteria (Patthawaro and Saejung 2019;Roffeis et al 2015). None of these ideas today would be cheap enough for implementation, but they are worth continued exploration.…”

Can we effectively manage parasites, prions, and pathogens in the global feed industry to achieve One Health?

“…Upcycling of nutrients from animal manure into SCPs using photosynthetic bacteria is an attractive option for recovering valuable nutrients (Patthawaro & Saejung, 2019), but animal manure can be a source of bacteria and viruses. There is also increasing interest in using bioactive peptides derived from animal by-products (e.g., porcine intestine, porcine mucosa, salmon viscera, or poultry tissues hydrolysates) and soybean protein isolates to improve growth performance and health of weaned pigs, young calves, poultry, and fish diets (Hou et al, 2017).…”