Production of ricinoleic acid estolide with free and immobilized lipase from Candida rugosa

Influence of the operating conditions on lipase-catalysed synthesis of ricinoleic acid estolides in solvent-free systems

“…The reactor was equipped with a sinterised glass plate placed 5 cm from the bottom. The enzyme solution (10 ml, 10 mg/ml in acetate buffer 0.01 M, pH 5) was then added to the reactor and recycled for 2 days at 4 • C. The immobilised derivative was washed twice with the same buffer and stored at 4 • C. The immobilisation method has been optimised elsewhere [13].…”

“…In addition, immobilised enzymes can be easily separated from the reaction media for reuse or for use in continuous reactors. For these reasons, efforts have been devoted to obtaining an immobilised derivative with a high immobilised protein percentage and enzymatic activity for the present application [13].…”

Estolides: From structure and function to structured and functionalized

“…In recent years, there have been two principal ways of making estolides, acid-catalyzed (1-4) and enzyme-catalyzed (5). The former, as refined by Cermak and Isbell (who have produced the field's most impressive body of work, which should be consulted for details), is highly efficient and can provide hundreds of grams of product in 24 hours.…”

“…Ricinoleic acid has of course been the workhorse here, with reactions run on the tens of grams scale over 2 days. Lipase AY from C. rugosa has received the most study (5). When a hydroxy acid is used to prepare estolides, there is no capping group and R 1 = H, so the properties of this hydroxylated material should be different from that produced by the acid route.…”

Enantioselective enzymatic hydrolysis of racemic drugs by encapsulation in sol–gel magnetic sporopollenin

“…Hence, lipases have tremendous potentials in areas such as food technology, biomedical sciences, and chemical industries. Compared with conventional chemical catalysts, enzymes as biocatalysts exhibit a number of features that make their use advantageous [1][2][3]. In most instances, enzymes have been immobilized onto insoluble or solid supports for industrial applications, which are regarded as useful tools to enhance their thermal and operational stabilities and recoverability, and reduce the cost.…”