Production of Respirable Vesicles Containing Live
            <i>Legionella pneumophila</i>
            Cells by Two
            <i>Acanthamoeba</i>
            spp

Berk, Sharon G.; Ting, Rebecca S.; Turner, Glenn W.; Ashburn, Rebecca J.

doi:10.1128/aem.64.1.279-286.1998

Cited by 199 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Replicative niche (Swanson and Isberg, 1995;Brieland et al, 1997;Greub and Raoult, 2004;Dusserre et al, 2008) Widespread reservoir (Thomas et al, 2006b;Pagnier et al, 2008;Corsaro et al, 2009;Loret and Greub, 2010) Protective armour (Steinert et al, 1998;Coulon et al, 2010;Loret and Greub, 2010) Mode of dissemination (Berk et al, 1998;Marolda et al, 1999;Greub and Raoult, 2002b;Abd et al, 2003) Trojan horse (Cirillo et al, 1997;Winiecka-Krusnell and Linder, 1999;Greub and Raoult, 2002;) Gene exchange (Boyer et al, 2009;Greub, 2009;Saisongkorh et al, 2010;Lamrabet et al, 2012) Selection of virulence traits (Cirillo et al, 1997;Steenbergen et al, 2001;Molmeret et al, 2005;Goy et al, 2007) Adaptation to macrophages (Gao et al, 1997;Goy et al, 2008;Salah et al, 2009;Escoll et al, 2013) Discovering new pathogens 311…”

Section: Role Of Amoebae Selected Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of amoebae as a tool to isolate amoeba‐resisting microorganisms and for their ecology and evolution: the Chlamydia paradigm

Kebbi-Beghdadi

Greub

2014

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Free-living amoebae are distributed worldwide and are frequently in contact with humans and animals. As cysts, they can survive in very harsh conditions and resist biocides and most disinfection procedures. Several microorganisms, called amoeba-resisting microorganisms (ARMs), have evolved to survive and multiply within these protozoa. Among them are many important pathogens, such as Legionella and Mycobacteria, and also several newly discovered Chlamydia-related bacteria, such as Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, Estrella lausannensis, Simkania negevensis or Waddlia chondrophila whose pathogenic role towards human or animal is strongly suspected. Amoebae represent an evolutionary crib for their resistant microorganisms since they can exchange genetic material with other ARMs and develop virulence traits that will be further used to infect other professional phagocytes. Moreover, amoebae constitute an ideal tool to isolate strict intracellular microorganisms from complex microbiota, since they will feed on other fast-growing bacteria, such as coliforms potentially present in the investigated samples. The paradigm that ARMs are likely resistant to macrophages, another phagocytic cell, and that they are likely virulent towards humans and animals is only partially true. Indeed, we provide examples of the Chlamydiales order that challenge this assumption and suggest that the ability to multiply in protozoa does not strictly correlate with pathogenicity and that we should rather use the ability to replicate in multiple and diverse eukaryotic cells as an indirect marker of virulence towards mammals. Thus, cell-culture-based microbial culturomics should be used in the future to try to discover new pathogenic bacterial species.

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Section: Role Of Amoebae Selected Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of amoebae as a tool to isolate amoeba‐resisting microorganisms and for their ecology and evolution: the Chlamydia paradigm

Kebbi-Beghdadi

Greub

2014

Environ Microbiol Rep

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“…Using comparative sequence analysis of nuclear 18S rDNA, 12 separate but related sequence types were recognized within this genus (Stothard et al, 1998). In addition to being opportunistic pathogens of humans (Visvesvara, 1995), acanthamoebae serve as natural vehicles for the human pathogen Legionella pneumophila (Rowbotham, 1986;Berk et al, 1998) and for a variety of other Legionellalike microorganisms (Birtles et al, 1996;Michel et al, 1998). Additionally, a variety of other clinically relevant bacteria, including Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycobacterium avium, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes and Burkholderia cepacia, are able, after infection in vitro, to survive and multiply for a limited time period within acanthamoebae (Ly and Mu È ller, 1990;Thom et al, 1992;Essig et al, 1997;Michel and Hauro È der, 1997;Steinert et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba spp. related to the Paramecium caudatum symbiont Caedibacter caryophilus

Horn

Fritsche

Gautom

et al. 1999

Environmental Microbiology

186

135

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Acanthamoebae are increasingly being recognized as hosts for obligate bacterial endosymbionts, most of which are presently uncharacterized. In this study, the phylogeny of three Gram-negative, rod-shaped endosymbionts and their Acanthamoeba host cells was analysed by the rRNA approach. Comparative analyses of 16S rDNA sequences retrieved from amoebic cell lysates revealed that the endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba polyphaga HN-3, Acanthamoeba sp. UWC9 and Acanthamoeba sp. UWE39 are related to the Paramecium caudatum endosymbionts Caedibacter caryophilus, Holospora elegans and Holospora obtusa. With overall 16S rRNA sequence similarities to their closest relative, C. caryophilus, of between 87% and 93%, these endosymbionts represent three distinct new species. In situ hybridization with fluorescently labelled endosymbiont-specific 16S rRNA-targeted probes demonstrated that the retrieved 16S rDNA sequences originated from the endosymbionts and confirmed their intracellular localization. We propose to classify provisionally the endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba polyphaga HN-3 as 'Candidatus Caedibacter acanthamoebae', the endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. strain UWC9 as 'Candidatus Paracaedibacter acanthamoebae' and the endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. strain UWE39 as 'Candidatus Paracaedibacter symbiosus'. The phylogeny of the Acanthamoeba host cells was analysed by comparative sequence analyses of their 18S rRNA. Although Acanthamoeba polyphaga HN-3 clearly groups together with most of the known Acanthamoeba isolates (18S rRNA sequence type 4), Acanthamoeba sp. UWC9 and UWE39 exhibit <92% 18S rRNA sequence similarity to each other and to other Acanthamoeba isolates. Therefore, we propose two new sequence types (T13 and T14) within the genus Acanthamoeba containing, respectively, Acanthamoeba sp. UWC9 and Acanthamoeba sp. UWE39.

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“…Our results are in agreement with this observation because at first vesicles and cyst forms appeared simultaneously. Legionella pneumophila was previously found in such expelled vesicles from Acan- thamoeba (Rowbotham, 1986;Berk et al, 1998) and…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, they did not assess cultivability of L. pneumophila in these vesicles. Berk and colleagues used the respiratory indicator 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride to test viability of intravesicular bacteria after biocide exposure (Berk et al, 1998). In addition, their studies were performed within a week at most.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term survival of Legionella pneumophila associated with Acanthamoeba castellanii vesicles

Bouyer

Imbert

Rodier

et al. 2007

Environmental Microbiology

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Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, is ubiquitously found in aquatic environments, associated with free living amoebae. Trophozoite forms of the genus Acanthamoeba have been shown to support the intracellular growth of Legionella while it has been proposed that cyst forms are related to survival in harsh environments. This underlines that amoebae are of primary importance in Legionella spreading. In this study, we followed the survival of L. pneumophila Lens over 6 months in a poor medium, with or without Acanthamoeba castellanii. The results demonstrated that L. pneumophila Lens could survive for at least 6 months in association with A. castellanii and that cultivable bacteria are to be found within expelled vesicles rather than within cysts. Our findings suggest that vesicles might be further studied in order to elucidate their production and their role in the environmental spreading of Legionella.

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Production of Respirable Vesicles Containing Live Legionella pneumophila Cells by Two Acanthamoeba spp

Cited by 199 publications

References 11 publications

Importance of amoebae as a tool to isolate amoeba‐resisting microorganisms and for their ecology and evolution: the Chlamydia paradigm

Importance of amoebae as a tool to isolate amoeba‐resisting microorganisms and for their ecology and evolution: the Chlamydia paradigm

Novel bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba spp. related to the Paramecium caudatum symbiont Caedibacter caryophilus

Long‐term survival of Legionella pneumophila associated with Acanthamoeba castellanii vesicles

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