Search citation statements
Paper Sections
Citation Types
Year Published
Publication Types
Relationship
Authors
Journals
Background: Brewer´s spent grain (BSG) is a biomass by-product generated in large volumes during industrial beer production. BSG has become a growing environmental problem, as most breweries discard it inappropriately, negatively impacting the environment. Alternatives for the exploitation of this by-product have consisted of elaborating food supplements for farm animals, obtaining biofuels, developing adsorbents, and obtaining substances for the food industry. However, the high moisture content in BSG (approximately 70%), poses a significant challenge in exploring various reuse alternatives. Therefore, the implementation of a pre-drying process becomes essential. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the BSG drying kinetics at different temperatures and the effect of the drying temperature on the physical properties and the content of bioactive compounds. Methods: BSG samples were dried at different temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 105°C) and analyzed for their moisture ratio, water activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical scavenging activity. Also, four kinetics models were fitted to the drying data. Results: It was determined that the effective diffusivity was between 5.23x10-10 (m2/s) and 2.49x10-09 (m2/s), and the value of the activation energy was 28.05 kJ/mol. In addition, it was found that the content of phenolic compounds (1.27±0.120 mg gallic acid equivalents /g) and the DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.21±0.015 mg gallic acid equivalents /g) were not significantly affected by the variation in the drying temperatures studied. Conclusions: From an operational point of view, the most suitable temperature for the drying process of BSG was 105°C since it would allow to reach shorter drying times, and the TPC was not affected markedly by the range of temperature studied.
Background: Brewer´s spent grain (BSG) is a biomass by-product generated in large volumes during industrial beer production. BSG has become a growing environmental problem, as most breweries discard it inappropriately, negatively impacting the environment. Alternatives for the exploitation of this by-product have consisted of elaborating food supplements for farm animals, obtaining biofuels, developing adsorbents, and obtaining substances for the food industry. However, the high moisture content in BSG (approximately 70%), poses a significant challenge in exploring various reuse alternatives. Therefore, the implementation of a pre-drying process becomes essential. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the BSG drying kinetics at different temperatures and the effect of the drying temperature on the physical properties and the content of bioactive compounds. Methods: BSG samples were dried at different temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 105°C) and analyzed for their moisture ratio, water activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical scavenging activity. Also, four kinetics models were fitted to the drying data. Results: It was determined that the effective diffusivity was between 5.23x10-10 (m2/s) and 2.49x10-09 (m2/s), and the value of the activation energy was 28.05 kJ/mol. In addition, it was found that the content of phenolic compounds (1.27±0.120 mg gallic acid equivalents /g) and the DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.21±0.015 mg gallic acid equivalents /g) were not significantly affected by the variation in the drying temperatures studied. Conclusions: From an operational point of view, the most suitable temperature for the drying process of BSG was 105°C since it would allow to reach shorter drying times, and the TPC was not affected markedly by the range of temperature studied.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.