Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Photosystem II as a Response to Light and Temperature Stress

Abstract

The effect of various abiotic stresses on photosynthetic apparatus is inevitably associated with formation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, recent progress on ROS production by photosystem II (PSII) as a response to high light and high temperature is overviewed. Under high light, ROS production is unavoidably associated with energy transfer and electron transport in PSII. Singlet oxygen is produced by the energy transfer form triplet chlorophyll to molecular oxygen formed by the intersystem crossing from singlet chlorophyll in the PSII antennae complex or the recombination of the charge separated radical pair in the PSII reaction center. Apart to triplet chlorophyll, triplet carbonyl formed by lipid peroxidation transfers energy to molecular oxygen forming singlet oxygen. On the PSII electron acceptor side, electron leakage to molecular oxygen forms superoxide anion radical which dismutes to hydrogen peroxide which is reduced by the non-heme iron to hydroxyl radical. On the PSII electron donor side, incomplete water oxidation forms hydrogen peroxide which is reduced by manganese to hydroxyl radical. Under high temperature, dark production of singlet oxygen results from lipid peroxidation initiated by lipoxygenase, whereas incomplete water oxidation forms hydrogen peroxide which is reduced by manganese to hydroxyl radical. The understanding of molecular basis for ROS production by PSII provides new insight into how plants survive under adverse environmental conditions.

Connection of the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) with the Photosystem II Quantum Yield and Nonphotochemical Quenching Can Be Dependent on Variations of Photosynthetic Parameters among Investigated Plants: A Meta-Analysis

“…Plants growing under natural conditions can be affected by various environmental stressors, including drought [1][2][3], salt stress [4][5][6][7], temperature stress [2,[8][9][10], light stress [10,11], etc. The stressors decrease the probability of survival and productivity of plants; in particular, they damage the photosynthetic process [12].…”

Trade-Offs Associated with Photoprotective Green Fluorescent Protein Expression as Potential Drivers of Balancing Selection for Color Polymorphism in Reef Corals

“…Heat stress inhibits the repair of photosystem II (Takahashi et al, 2009) and lowers the photoinhibitory threshold of the symbiotic algae (Jones et al, 1998;Warner et al, 1999;Bhagooli and Hidaka, 2003;Takahashi et al, 2009), thereby facilitating light-induced damage to Photosystem II reaction centers, particularly the D1 protein (Aro et al, 1993). The resulting faults in energy transfer and electron transport can lead to oxidative stress (reviewed by Pospíšil, 2016) that can cause the breakdown of the symbiotic association and loss of algal cells from the coral tissue (Lesser, 1997;Rehman et al, 2016). The susceptibility of corals to heat and light stress-induced bleaching is increased by unfavorable levels of nutrients in the water, in particular by phosphate deficiency (D'Angelo and Wiedenmann, 2014;Rosset et al, 2017).…”

Enhanced tolerance to a combination of heat stress and drought in Arabidopsis plants deficient in ICS1 is associated with modulation of photosynthetic reaction center proteins

“…One possibility is that the maintenance of PSII might be more significant to the response of plants to this stress combination. It should be noted that PSII was shown to be more sensitive to various abiotic stresses compared to PSI (Sonoike , Gururani et al , Pospisil , Pospisil and Yamamoto ). In addition, the significance of the PSII maintenance to the acclimation of plants to a combination of heat stress and drought has been suggested in a previous study (Signorelli et al ).…”