Production of protons, deuterons and tritons on carbon by intermediate energy neutrons

A new model for production of fast light clusters in spallation reactions

“…The first one is dominated by fast particle emission and in the second one, the remnant of the target releases its remaining excitation energy by ordinary evaporation of slow particles (and/or by fission for heavy targets). Light charged clusters are emitted in the two stages, as suggested by the observation of their spectra [2][3][4][5][6][7] The most successful model used to describe spallation reactions is the intranuclear cascade (INC) plus evaporation model. Recently we proposed an advanced version of the Liège intranuclear cascade model (INCL4) [8], which, coupled whith the K.-H. Schmidt evaporation-fission (ABLA) model [9,10], gives a very accurate description of a large set of data (of different kinds) for proton and deuteron-induced reactions in the 200 MeV to 2 GeV range of incident energy per nucleon.…”

High-energy neutron spectrometry

“…The interaction n + C was discussed in papers [7][8][9][10]. In reactions on the nuclei of aluminum, the results were obtained for 75 MeV neutrons [10] and for 180 MeV protons [11], where energy spectra were measured for nuclear frag ments with A = 7, 16 and 22 at three different angles, shown in the left panel of Fig.…”

“…For both detectors, the efficiency was determined for a few thresholds by using the reactions with light ions as neutron sources with known intensity in the energy region below 35 MeV. For a heavier detec tor, the efficiency was measured at the proton accelera tor at IUCF for several values of neutron energy in the range 30-200 MeV by using quasi monoenergetic neu trons from the reaction 7 Li(p,n) 7 Be. Data has been obtained for three different thresholds defined by the maximum energy of the Compton electrons from the radioactive sources of 241 Am, 137 Cs, 2 × 22 Na.…”

“…Special experiments were conducted to examine the energy dependence of the neutron detection effi ciency over a wide energy range of 2-1000 MeV. From 2 to 17 MeV the efficiency was measured in relation to standard detector by using the reactions 7 Li(p, n) 7 Be, 3 H(p, n) 3 He, 3 H(d, n) 4 He and 2 H(d, n) 3 He. In the region of higher energies 30-100 MeV measurements were taken at the setup of Uppsala by using the reac tion 7 Li(p, n) 7 Be.…”

“…From 2 to 17 MeV the efficiency was measured in relation to standard detector by using the reactions 7 Li(p, n) 7 Be, 3 H(p, n) 3 He, 3 H(d, n) 4 He and 2 H(d, n) 3 He. In the region of higher energies 30-100 MeV measurements were taken at the setup of Uppsala by using the reac tion 7 Li(p, n) 7 Be. For energies from 150 to 800 MeV the reaction of deuteron breakup on a beryllium target was used in measurements at the Saturne accelerator.…”