Production of Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds with a Tailored Macro/Micro-Porous Structure, High Mechanical Properties, and Excellent Bioactivity

Kim, Jong Woo; Shin, Kangwon; Koh, Young Hag; Hah, Min Jin; Moon, Jiyoung; Kim, Hyoun Ee

doi:10.3390/ma10101123

Cited by 67 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The nanocomposites labeled PCL/5FHA, PCL/10FHA, and FHA/15FHA contain 5, 10, and 15 wt% FHA nanoparticles, respectively. As seen, PCL peaks with the amorphous halo were observed at 21.5° and 23.8° accommodated with (110) and (200) planes of PCL and confirmed its semicrystalline structure . In addition, the presence of crystalline structure of FHA were conformed with JCPDS data file No.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

The electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)/fluoridated hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering

Johari

Fathi

Fereshteh

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Biodegradable cell-incorporated scaffolds can guide the regeneration process of bone defects such as physiological resorption, tooth loss, and trauma which medically, socially, and economically hurt patients. Here, 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt% fluoridated hydroxyapatite (FHA) nanoparticles containing 25 wt% F − and 75 wt% OH − were incorporated into poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix to produce PCL/FHA nanocomposite scaffolds using electrospinning method. Then, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to evaluate the morphology, phase structure, and functional groups of prepared electrospun scaffolds, respectively. Furthermore, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of electrospun scaffolds were investigated using the tensile test. Moreover, the biodegradation behavior of electrospun PCL/FHA scaffolds was studied by the evaluation of weight loss of mats and the alternation of pH in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) up to 30 days of incubation.Then, the biocompatibility of prepared mats was investigated by culturing MG-63 osteoblast cell line and performing MTT assay. In addition, the adhesion of osteoblast cells on prepared electrospun scaffolds was studied using their SEM images. Results revealed that the fiber diameter of prepared electrospun PCL/FHA scaffolds alters between 700 and 900 nm. The mechanical assay illustrated the mat with 10 wt% FHA nanoparticles revealed the highest tensile strength and elastic modulus. The weight loss alternation of mats determined around 1% to 8% after 30 days of incubation. The biocompatibility and cell adhesion of mats improved by increasing the amounts of FHA nanoparticles. K E Y W O R D S biocompatibility, electrospinning, nano-fluoridated hydroxyapatite, poly(ɛ-caprolactone), tensile strength 1 | INTRODUCTION Fibrous structure scaffolds exhibits the similar size to the extracellular matrix structure, protein absorption, and cell attachment in tissue engineering applications. 1 As an effective and low-cost fabricating method, electrospinning has been applied to produce continuous fibers from the nanoscale to the microscale. 2 Tissue engineering scaffolds should essentially possess several properties such as desirable biocompatibility, simple fabrication, controllable degradation rate, and sufficient mechanical properties. Accordingly, diverse synthetic polymers have been electrospun and modified as well as natural polymersto perform in different tissues. 3 Among these, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) as a synthetic and biodegradable polymer possesses the biocompatibility and rheological and viscoelastic properties, prepared as a fibrous structure via the electrospinning. 4-6 Hence, PCL fibers can be selected as an appropriate candidate for tissue engineering scaffolds, regenerating skin, cartilage, bone, and cardiac constructs. 7 PCL is a polyester with a semicrystalline structure and amorphous domains,

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

The electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)/fluoridated hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering

Johari

Fathi

Fereshteh

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Morphological organization of synthetic samples has limited the ability of the practical applications for these synthetic biocomposites, namely, the porosity of a material, hierarchy (agglomeration and mutual pores conjugation, their size distribution), bulk share of pores and a specific surface area [2,4]. At the same time, it is well-known that the predefined surface and bulk properties of a material will provide bone tissue cells inside an implantable object in case of tooth prosthetics [4,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The materials for oral surgery prosthetic currently proposed and applied in oral surgery prosthetics are different in their composition and the level of structural organization [1,2,14]. A separate issue for the complex systems (e.g., xenographs) that presents a certain interest for researchers is a set of refinement techniques from the protein components and their application for a certain application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative characteristics of the xenogenic synthetic biomimetic composite and spongy bone tissue for the goals of osteoplasty in dentistry

Seredin¹,

Goloshchapov²,

Gushchin³

et al. 2019

Russ Open Med J

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Background -The structural and morphological features in the natural and synthetic biomimetic composites should be defined and compared to determine the optimal artificial material for osteoplastic tasks. Methods -The sample of osteoplastic material of the xenogenic group representing the treated bone blocks of cattle, sample of a spongy bone tissue of a human lower jaw and a sample of biomimetic carbonate-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite synthesized with the use of birds' egg-shells were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transmission Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for the structure, phase and molecular composition analysis, X-ray spectral microanalysis (XMA) was applied for chemical element composition, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for a surface features analysis of the materials with a porous structure.Results -The analysis of the xenogenic material as well as the bone tissue sample by XRD and FTIR reveal that the samples are comprised of a single crystalline phase, i.e. a carbonate-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite (CHAP) with distortions in the crystalline structure. The calculations of the hydroxyapatite crystallites size in the samples of the bone tissue and the xenogenic materials by the XRD data are 35.2±1.5 nm and 11.1±0.6 nm respectively. A different content of the amide and carboxyl groups in the bone tissue and in the osteoplastic material were found using IR-spectroscopy in the 1,800-1,200 cm -1 indicates the presence of protein structures in the latter which are different in the molecular structure from those presented in the native human bone tissue. The redistribution of the vibration modes in the spectral ranges 3000-2800 and 800-500 cm -1 also confirm this suggestion. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that xenogenic materials possess the morphology and a system of conjugated pores similar to those of the human bone tissue. At the micrometer level the pores that are present in the xenograft coincide in their size with those in the native bone matrix (3-6 m). Optical microscopy investigations shows that in the osteoplastic xenogenic materials at the macrolevel there are no pores with the size of 0.25-1.5 mm, which are observed in the samples of the native bone tissue. Conclusion -Based on the results of comparison of the structural, molecular and morphological properties of the studied samples, it is possible to conclude that the samples of the osteoplastic materials do not completely correspond to the spongy human bone tissue, which imposes certain constraints on their practical applications. Comparison of the structure, phase and molecular composition as well as the morphology of the samples of native porous bone tissue and xenogenic materials allowed us to identify the principal differences between the two materials as well as to design the requirements and guidelines for manufacturers on extra processing of a xenogenic material for eliminating the factors affecting the quality of implantation and resorption of a biomimetic composite: macrop...

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“…The presence of this second component in the composite is aimed at improving the long-term functionality of the graft after clinical surgery, under load-bearing conditions. Among the used materials, it is worth mentioning different polymers, such as poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) [8], poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) [9], ceramics [10], carbon nanotubes [11], and more recently, graphene or graphene derivatives [12]. Few of the materials tested displayed favorable biocompatibility with sufficient mechanical properties [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few of the materials tested displayed favorable biocompatibility with sufficient mechanical properties [12]. For example, PCL/apatite composites displayed excellent bioactivity and improved mechanical properties by increasing the apatite content [9]. However, carbon nanotubes are good reinforcing materials, but still present certain toxicity [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Nucleation of Biomimetic Nanoapatites on Exfoliated Graphene Biomolecule Flakes by Vapor Diffusion in Microdroplets

et al. 2019

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The nucleation of apatite nanoparticles on exfoliated graphene nanoflakes has been successfully carried out by the sitting drop vapor diffusion method, with the aim of producing cytocompatible hybrid nanocomposites of both components. The graphene flakes were prepared by the sonication-assisted, liquid-phase exfoliation technique, using the following biomolecules as dispersing surfactants: lysozyme, L-tryptophan, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and chitosan. Results from mineralogical, spectroscopic, and microscopic characterization (X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) indicate that flakes were stacked in multilayers (> 5 layers) and most likely intercalated and functionalized with the biomolecules, while the apatite nanoparticles were found forming a coating on the graphene surfaces. It is worthwhile to mention that when using chitosan-exfoliated graphene, the composites were more homogeneous than when using the other biomolecule graphene flakes, suggesting that this polysaccharide, extremely rich in –OH groups, must be arranged on the graphene surface with the –OH groups pointing toward the solution, forming a more regular pattern for apatite nucleation. The findings by XRD and morphological analysis point to the role of “functionalized graphene” as a template, which induces heterogeneous nucleation and favors the growth of apatite on the flakes’ surfaces. The cytocompatibility tests of the resulting composites, evaluated by the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay in a dose–dependent manner on GTL-16 cells, a human gastric carcinoma cell line, and on m17.ASC cells, a murine mesenchymal stem cell line with osteogenic potential, reveal that in all cases, full cytocompatibility was found.

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Production of Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds with a Tailored Macro/Micro-Porous Structure, High Mechanical Properties, and Excellent Bioactivity

Cited by 67 publications

References 36 publications

The electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)/fluoridated hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering

The electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)/fluoridated hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering

Comparative characteristics of the xenogenic synthetic biomimetic composite and spongy bone tissue for the goals of osteoplasty in dentistry

Induced Nucleation of Biomimetic Nanoapatites on Exfoliated Graphene Biomolecule Flakes by Vapor Diffusion in Microdroplets

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