Production of phenols from lignin-derived slurry liquid using iron oxide catalyst

Abstract

A two-step process consisting of depolymerization and catalytic cracking without hydrogen addition was carried out to produce phenols from lignin. In the first step, lignin was depolymerized using a silica-alumina catalyst in a water/1-butanol solution at 623K for 5 2 h. After the reaction, lignin-derived slurry liquid was obtained in 67 C-mol% yield. From the model studies, it was considered that lignin was mainly depolymerized via hydrolysis of aryl ether bonds between lignin units. For the second step, the catalytic reaction of the 1-butanol phase of the slurry liquid was carried out over an iron oxide catalyst using a high ・The recovery fraction of phenols increased as the F H2O /F value increased.

Generation of Hydrogen, Lignin and Sodium Hydroxide from Pulping Black Liquor by Electrolysis

“…However, compared to combustion [6] and gasification [24], treating black liquor via electrolysis has the following advantages: (1) no need to concentrate the thin black liquor, which reduces the enormous amount of energy that is consumed during water evaporation; (2) no lime is consumed in the NaOH regeneration process, thereby, eliminating the energy intensive lime cycle, together with the necessary solid residue disposal system; (3) reduced emissions of CO 2 gas and other poisonous gases [7]; (4) large-scale generation of lignin, which has potential to be converted into bioenergy and bio-materials [13,25,26]; (5) in addition to lignin, other organic components in the solution are recovered via polymerization, thereby reducing the amount of organic pollutants discharged.…”

“…Lignin can be used to generate liquid fuels for internal combustion engines [12,13] and to generate other useful materials [14,15]. One way to utilize lignin for the above is to acidify the black liquor to pH = 2-4 to precipitate the lignin; subsequently, the wet lignin is obtained by filtering the mixture and then further processed [16].…”

Lignin Deconstruction

“…For these processes of phenol production, tungsten phosphide [42], ZrO 2 eAl 2 O 3 eFeO x [43] and iron oxide [44] play a major role, respectively. This has been suggested as the major reaction route.…”

Insight into the influence of liquid paraffin for methanol synthesis on Cu(110) surface using continuum and atomistic models

“…As a result, the slurry bed has been widely used in several areas, such as hydrocracking or hydrodesulphurization of residual oils [7] and natural gas [8,9], Fisher-Tropsch synthesis [10][11][12], wastewater treatment [13], methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from CO/CO 2 hydrogenation [14][15][16]. In general, alcohols, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorides can be used as solvent in the slurry bed, but sulfur and gas in these solvents have to be removed.…”