Production of phenolics via photocatalysis of ball milled lignin–TiO₂ mixtures in aqueous suspension

Abstract

This work demonstrates the production of value added phenolics and aromatics via UV photocatalysis of lignin–TiO2 mixtures prepared by wet ball milling using different solvents.

Thermo‐Photocatalysis: Environmental and Energy Applications

“…The main drawback of these processes has been lower conversion into valueadded chemical-richl iquid products along with al arger fraction of solid byproducts. [102,103] The reactions resulted in selectiveg eneration of industrially valuable phenolics, such as guaiacol, vanillin, and isoeuginol. [100] Initial photocatalytic studies of lignin primarily dealt with demineralization reactions, but have now shifted towards selective conversion into aromatic compounds.…”

“…[99][100][101] Biomass chemical composition is highly complex and non-uniform,w hich also creates ab ig problem in establishing areliable consistent techniquefor generation of highly valuable chemical compounds.L ignin is considered am ajor byproduct of biorefineries and the paper-pulp industry and is ar ich source of aromatic compounds. [102,103] Electron and hole formation was found to be key for both the catalytic reactions to proceed, althought he photocatalytic reaction was based on surfacee xcitation,w hereas bulk excitation was observed in the thermocatalytic reaction. Similarly,t hermocatalytic conversion of lignin has been primarily carriedo ut by using zeolitesr ich in acidic sites, which resulted in higher selectivity to and generation of aromatics.…”

“…Although no studies on thermo-photocatalytic conversion of lignin for generation of chemicals have been reported, am ajor breakthroughw as obtained by Nair and Vinu, who carried out both photocatalysis and thermocatalysis on lignin by using TiO 2 . [102,103] The reactions resulted in selectiveg eneration of industrially valuable phenolics, such as guaiacol, vanillin, and isoeuginol. [102,103] Electron and hole formation was found to be key for both the catalytic reactions to proceed, althought he photocatalytic reaction was based on surfacee xcitation,w hereas bulk excitation was observed in the thermocatalytic reaction.…”

“…[102,103] The reactions resulted in selectiveg eneration of industrially valuable phenolics, such as guaiacol, vanillin, and isoeuginol. [102,103] Electron and hole formation was found to be key for both the catalytic reactions to proceed, althought he photocatalytic reaction was based on surfacee xcitation,w hereas bulk excitation was observed in the thermocatalytic reaction. [103] Considering the fact that biomass-based fuels and chemicals are in such high demand, av ery high possibility of application of thermophotocatalysis is predicted for the depolymerization of very complex raw materials.…”

Lignin Degradation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches using TiO2 Photocatalyst as Antifungal of Fusarium Oxysporum

“…The degradation stage refers to the results of a study reported by 27 . A total of 20 mL lignin solution of OPEFB with a concentration of 4 ppm was put into 5 vials and each added 0.5 g of TiO 2 .…”