Production of Natural Pigments Using Microorganisms

Qin, Zhijie; Wang, Xinglong; Gao, Song; Li, Dong; Zhou, Jingwen

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02222

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Insects are a source of several pigments, such as anthraquinones, aphids, pterins, tetrapyrroles, ommochromes, melanins, and papiliochromes [34]. However, obtaining these pigments requires costly insect cultivation and purification [35]. In addition, allergic problems have been reported [36].…”

Section: Synthetic and Natural Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Pigments: Major Groups and Industrial Applications

Barreto,

Casanova,

Junior

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Microbial pigments have many structures and functions with excellent characteristics, such as being biodegradable, non-toxic, and ecologically friendly, constituting an important source of pigments. Industrial production presents a bottleneck in production cost that restricts large-scale commercialization. However, microbial pigments are progressively gaining popularity because of their health advantages. The development of metabolic engineering and cost reduction of the bioprocess using industry by-products opened possibilities for cost and quality improvements in all production phases. We are thus addressing several points related to microbial pigments, including the major classes and structures found, the advantages of use, the biotechnological applications in different industrial sectors, their characteristics, and their impacts on the environment and society.

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Section: Synthetic and Natural Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Pigments: Major Groups and Industrial Applications

Barreto,

Casanova,

Junior

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…Beyond its significance in Porphyrin production in microbial hosts presents a sustainable and economically feasible alternative to traditional chemical synthesis methods, particularly in light of the growing demand for bio-based production strategies [7]. Modulating the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms, notably the most common bacterial host, Escherichia coli, facilitates the efficient and sustainable synthesis of porphyrins [8]. The well-characterized genetics and versatile metabolic engineering tools enable precise regulation of biosynthetic pathways in E. coli [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Level Bio-Based Production of Coproporphyrin in Escherichia coli

Arab,

Westbrook,

Moo-Young

et al. 2024

Fermentation

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This study reports on the development of effective strain engineering strategies for the high-level bio-based production of coproporphyrin (CP), a porphyrin pigment compound with various applications, using Escherichia coli as a production host. Our approach involves heterologous implementation of the Shemin/C4 pathway in an E. coli host strain with an enlarged intracellular pool of succinyl-CoA. To regulate the expression of the key pathway genes, including hemA/B/D/E/Y, we employed a plasmid system comprising two operons regulated by strong trc and gracmax promoters, respectively. Using the engineered E. coli strains for bioreactor cultivation under aerobic conditions with glycerol as the carbon source, we produced up to 353 mg/L CP with minimal byproduct formation. The overproduced CP was secreted extracellularly, posing minimal physiological toxicity and impact on the producing cells. To date, targeted bio-based production of CP by E. coli has yet to be reported. In addition to the demonstration of high-level bio-based production of CP, our study underscores the importance of identifying key enzymatic reactions limiting the overall metabolite production for developing differential expression strategies for pathway modulation and even optimization. This investigation paves the way for the development of effective metabolic engineering strategies based on targeted manipulation of key enzymes to customize engineered strains for effective large-scale bio-based production.

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“…The core of synthetic biology is to reshape natural biological systems to produce natural or non-natural chemicals [1,2]. Recently many important high-value chemicals have been produced in microorganisms via synthetic biology, such as L-pipecolic acid [3], rosmarinic acid [4], pigments [5], caffeic acid [6], 5-hydroxyectoine [7], quercetin [8], 2-keto-L-gulonic acid [9], ergothioneine [10], monoterpene [11], ectoine [12], and glutarate [13]. These natural or non-natural chemicals and their derivatives are widely used in diverse fields [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering an Artificial Pathway to Improve the Bioconversion of Lysine into Chiral Amino Alcohol 2-Hydroxycadaverine Using a Semi-Rational Design

Cheng,

Xiao,

Luo

et al. 2024

Fermentation

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Amino alcohols are important compounds that are widely used in the polymer and pharmaceutical industry, particularly when used as chiral scaffolds in organic synthesis. The hydroxylation of polyamide polymers may allow crosslinking between molecular chains through the esterification reactions of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Therefore, this may alter the functional properties of polyamide polymers. 2-hydroxycadaverine (2HyC), as a new type of chiral amino alcohol, has potential applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and polymer industries. Currently, 2HyC production has only been realized via pure enzyme catalysis or two-stage whole-cell biocatalysis, which faces great challenges for scale-up production. However, the use of a cell factory is very promising for the production of 2HyC in industrial applications. Here, we designed and constructed a promising artificial pathway in Escherichia coli for producing 2HyC from biomass-derived lysine. This biosynthesis route expands the lysine catabolism pathway and employs two enzymes to sequentially convert lysine into 2HyC. However, the catalytic activity of wild-type pyridoxal phosphate-dependent decarboxylase from Chitinophage pinensis (DCCp) toward 3-hydroxylysine is lower, resulting in the lower production of 2HyC. Thus, the higher catalytic activity of DCCp is desired for low-cost and expanded industrial applications of 2HyC. To improve the catalytic activity of DCCp, a mutant library of DCCp was first built using a semi-rational design. The Kcat/Km of mutant DCCp (R53D/V94I) increased by 63%. A titer of 359 mg/L 2HyC was produced in shake flasks, with a 2HyC titer increase of 54% compared to control strain ML101. The results show that the production of 2HyC was effectively increased through a semi-rational design strategy. These findings lay the foundation for the development and utilization of renewable resources to produce 2HyC in microorganisms via an efficient, green, and sustainable biosynthetic strategy for further industrial application.

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Production of Natural Pigments Using Microorganisms

Cited by 15 publications

References 120 publications

Microbial Pigments: Major Groups and Industrial Applications

Microbial Pigments: Major Groups and Industrial Applications

High-Level Bio-Based Production of Coproporphyrin in Escherichia coli

Engineering an Artificial Pathway to Improve the Bioconversion of Lysine into Chiral Amino Alcohol 2-Hydroxycadaverine Using a Semi-Rational Design

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