Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication

Abstract

Abstract:In this study, the isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from pineapple leaf fibers (PLF) were carried out. Chemical pretreatment included pulping, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis to remove lignin, hemicellulose, and extractive substances were conducted. This was followed by high-shear homogenization and ultrasonication to produce nanocellulose. Morphological changes to the PLF due to treatment were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This showed that the PLF had a diameter of 1-10 µm after high-shear homogenizing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the nanofibers after ultrasonication for 60 min showed 40-70 nm diameters. Particle size analysis (PSA) indicates that the fibers had an average diameter of 68 nm. Crystallinity index was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and had the highest value after acid hydrolysis at 83% but after 60 min ultrasonication, this decreased to 62%. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed there was no chemical structure change after acid hydrolysis. The most significant finding from thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is that the higher degradation temperature of nanofibers indicates superior thermal stability over untreated fiber. These results indicate that PLF waste could become a viable source of commercially valuable nanocellulose.

Mechanical Properties of a Water Hyacinth Nanofiber Cellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bionanocomposite: Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration during Processing

“…The resulting fibers have diameters of 1-10 micron. After 1 h sonication (Figure 1d), fibers took the form of short fibrils with average diameter and length of 10-20 nm and 90-250 nm, respectively as has been observed in previous reports [30,31].…”

“…diameter and length of 10-20 nm and 90-250 nm, respectively as has been observed in previous reports [30,31]. Figure 2 displays SEM imaging of TPS and all fractured bionanocomposite samples after the tensile test.…”

Comparative Study of the Physical and Tensile Properties of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus ) Starch Film Prepared Using Three Different Methods

“…The ratio of the intensity of the peak at 22.5° to the peak at 20.6° increased from S‐250 to S‐63U film. According to previous studies, in a bioplastic starch, the height of intensity peak corresponds to the crystallinity index (CI) . The CI increases as the number of the defects in the film decreases and even is larger still after ultrasonication of the granule surface.…”

FTIR and Moisture Absorption of Yam Bean Starch Biocomposites with Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) Bagasse Fibers as Reinforcement

“…Ini mengindikasikan bahwa komponen lignin masih ada di dalam SAB. Hasil ini juga didukung oleh penelitian sebelumnya (Abraham et al 2011;Agustin et al 2013;Mahardika et al 2018). Untuk gugus sekitar 1000 cm -1 , mengindikasikan adanya gugus regangan dari C-C (Asrofi et al 2017).…”