Production of monoclonal antibodies to Naegleria fowleri, agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis

Visvesvara, G. S.; Peralta, Mm; Brandt, Floy H.; Wilson, Marianna; Aloisio, Carol H.; Franko, Elizabeth

doi:10.1128/jcm.25.9.1629-1634.1987

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Based on Western immunoblotting analysis of the pathogenic strain-specific antigen recognized by the MAb developed by Tachibana et al [26], a 30-kDa antigen was described as a marker of pathogenic strains of E. histolytica. The intraspecific differences in the reactivity pattern of NICED 11 also suggest the existence of intraspecific antigenic dissimilarities between strains as has been documented for the esterase enzymes of Naegleria fowleri, an agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis [36]. Similarly, a MAb that can distinguish among isolates of E. histofytica belonging to the same zymodeme has been described [I].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against a Highly Immunogenic Fraction of Entamoeba histolytica (NIH:200) and Their Application in the Detection of Current Amoebic Infection

Sengupta

Das

Johnson

et al. 1993

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against a highly immunogenic fraction derived by the chromatographic separation of the soluble preparation of axenic Entamoeba histolytica (strain NIH:200) trophozoites. Isotype characterization of the six MAbs revealed that four belonged to the IgM class and one each to the IgG1 and the IgG2a subclasses. The immunoreactivity patterns and the specificity of the MAbs with homologous and heterologous antigens were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunotransfer blot technique and by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The MAbs reacted intensely with isolates of E. histolytica (strain NIH:200 as well as a local isolate MX1) but showed no reactivity with Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba butschlii, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba hartmanni, free-living amoeba (Acanthamoeba harticolus) and other enteric parasites. Using the IgG1 MAb as a detecting antibody, a polyclonal-monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of E. histolytica antigens in stool samples of infected patients. The detection limit of the assay was 8 ng of amoebic antigen. This test was found to be specific and sensitive and yielded 100% positive results in cases with amoebiasis but did not react with controls included in the evaluation. The MAb-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed in this study will be an important test for the diagnosis of E. histolytica in the feces of infected humans; however, the limitation of the test is the inability to discriminate the pathogenic status of the amoeba detected in the stool.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against a Highly Immunogenic Fraction of Entamoeba histolytica (NIH:200) and Their Application in the Detection of Current Amoebic Infection

Sengupta

Das

Johnson

et al. 1993

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…Further identification is needed to distinguish between N. fowleri and other nonhuman pathogenic species. A number of researchers have added additional steps to improve recovery, detection, and identification of N. fowleri, including the use of immunofluorescent antibody assays (Behets et al, 2003;Sparagano et al, 1993;Visvesvara et al, 1987).…”

Section: Methods For Detection Of N Fowleri In Water and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naegleria fowleri: An emerging drinking water pathogen

2014

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Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri) is a free‐living, trophic amoeba that is nearly ubiquitous in the environment and can be present in high numbers in warm waters. It is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare but particularly lethal disease with a very low survival incidence. Although N. fowleri was isolated from drinking water supplies in Australia in the 1980s, it was not considered a drinking water threat in the United States until recent cases were associated with a groundwater system in Arizona and surface water systems in Louisiana. N. fowleri in drinking water treatment and distribution systems can be managed using disinfectant concentrations typically encountered in well‐run plants although nitrification and attendant low disinfectant residuals may pose a challenge for some systems. The greatest challenge for N. fowleri control is in premise plumbing systems where conditions are largely outside the control of utilities, residuals might be low or nonexistent, and where water temperatures could be high enough to support rapid growth of the amoebae. This article reviews published studies describing the environmental occurrence, survival, pathogenicity, and disinfection of N. fowleri. In addition, this article provides information about this little known and poorly understood parasite with respect to its occurrence in the environment; how the amoeba amplifies in water systems such that it can cause infection; how N. fowleri has been successfully controlled for decades in water systems through treatment and distribution system management in Australia; and the knowledge gaps and information needed to address N. fowleri as an emerging pathogen in US water supplies.

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“…Biochemical techniques such as isoenzyme analysis have been developed for the specific identification of N. fowleri amoebae cultured from the CSF and brain specimens of patients as well as from the environment (water and soil) (Visvesvara & Healy, 1980;De Jonckheere, 1982;Moss et al, 1988). Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies (MAb) that can specifically identify N. fowleri in the CSF have also been developed (Visvesvara et al, 1987). More recently, molecular techniques such as PCR and nested PCR assays for the specific identification of N. fowleri in cultured amoebae from patients and the environment as well as of N. fowleri DNA in the environment have been developed (Réveiller et al, 2002;Zhou et al, 2003;Cogo et al, 2004;De Jonckheere, 2004).…”

Section: Molecular Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae:Acanthamoebaspp.,Balamuthia mandrillaris,Naegleria fowleri, andSappinia diploidea

Visvesvara

Moura

Schuster

2007

FEMS Immunology &Amp; Medical Microbiology

978

480

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Among the many genera of free-living amoebae that exist in nature, members of only four genera have an association with human disease: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri and Sappinia diploidea. Acanthamoeba spp. and B. mandrillaris are opportunistic pathogens causing infections of the central nervous system, lungs, sinuses and skin, mostly in immunocompromised humans. Balamuthia is also associated with disease in immunocompetent children, and Acanthamoeba spp. cause a sight-threatening infection, Acanthamoeba keratitis, mostly in contact-lens wearers. Of more than 30 species of Naegleria, only one species, N. fowleri, causes an acute and fulminating meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent children and young adults. In addition to human infections, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia and Naegleria can cause central nervous system infections in animals. Because only one human case of encephalitis caused by Sappinia diploidea is known, generalizations about the organism as an agent of disease are premature. In this review we summarize what is known of these free-living amoebae, focusing on their biology, ecology, types of disease and diagnostic methods. We also discuss the clinical profiles, mechanisms of pathogenesis, pathophysiology, immunology, antimicrobial sensitivity and molecular characteristics of these amoebae.

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Production of monoclonal antibodies to Naegleria fowleri, agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis

Cited by 48 publications

References 20 publications

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against a Highly Immunogenic Fraction of Entamoeba histolytica (NIH:200) and Their Application in the Detection of Current Amoebic Infection

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against a Highly Immunogenic Fraction of Entamoeba histolytica (NIH:200) and Their Application in the Detection of Current Amoebic Infection

Naegleria fowleri: An emerging drinking water pathogen

Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae:Acanthamoebaspp.,Balamuthia mandrillaris,Naegleria fowleri, andSappinia diploidea

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