Production of minor ginsenosides by combining Stereum hirsutum and cellulase

Abstract

Minor ginsenosides (MGs) (include ginsenoside F2, Compound K, PPT, etc), which are generally not produced by ginseng plants naturally, are obtained by deglycosylation of major ginsenosides. However, the conventional processes used to produce deglycosylated ginsenosides focus on the use of intestinal microorganisms for transformation. In this study, an edible and medicinal mushroom Stereum hirsutum JE0512 was screened from 161 β-glucosidase-producing soil microorganisms sourced from wild ginseng using the plate coloration method. Furthermore, JE0512 was used for the production of CK from ginseng extracts (GE) in solid-state fermentation (SSF) using 20 g corn bran as substrate, 4 g GE, and 20% inoculation volume, and the results showed that the highest CK content was 29.13 mg/g. After combining S. hirsutum JE0512 with cellulase (Aspergillus niger), the MGs (F2, CK, and PPT) content increased from 1.66 to 130.79 mg/g in the final products. Our results indicate that the Stereum genus has the potential to biotransform GE into CK and the combination of S. hirsutum JE0512 and cellulase could pave the way for the production of MGs from GE.

Combinatorial Enzymatic Catalysis for Bioproduction of Ginsenoside Compound K

“…42 fungi with the ability to produce β-glucosidase were preserved in our laboratory. 22 2.2. Screening and Identification of Starter Strain.…”

“…One unit of enzymatic activity was defined as the amount of enzyme that was required to generate 1 μmol of α- d -glucopyranose-equivalent reducing sugar per minute. The enzymatic activity of BG05, BG17, BG19, and BG23 was measured by referring to our previous method pNPG . The enzyme activity of BGA35 was measured by referring to the modified method ONPG .…”

“…The enzymatic activity of BG05, BG17, BG19, and BG23 was measured by referring to our previous method pNPG. 22 The enzyme activity of BGA35 was measured by referring to the modified method ONPG. 27 50 μL BGA35 was mixed with 100 μL of 5 mM 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside and reacted at 50 °C for 30 min.…”

“…The detailed method referred to our previous study. 22 For more accurate characterization of CK, the CK standard and the samples prepared by the JE0609 extracellular enzyme-catalyzed were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS (Waters, Milford), coupled to an SYNAPT Q-TOF mass spectrometer. MassLynx v4.…”

Diversity and Ginsenoside Biotransformation Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Fungi Associated With Panax bipinnatifidus var. bipinnatifidus in Qinling Mountains, China

“…Major ginsenosides, including Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1, account for more than 80% of the total ginsenosides in wild ginseng ( Kim et al, 2022 ). However, deglycosylated minor ginsenosides, which are present in very low amounts in most natural ginseng plants, are generally more pharmaceutically active than major glycosylated ginsenosides because of higher bioavailability ( Cui et al, 2016 ; Yang et al, 2021 ). Therefore, converting major ginsenosides to minor ginsenosides attracted lots of attention ( Li and Fan, 2020 ; Siddiqi et al, 2021 ; Kim et al, 2022 ), and several preparations of minor ginsenosides were successfully commercialized with high price due to inefficient production ( Li and Fan, 2020 ).…”