Production of Maleic Anhydride

Trivedi, B. C.; Culbertson, B. M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0940-7_2

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Therefore, this is the most frequently occurring mechanism. The new set of signals between 40 and 50 ppm could be attributed to the carbon of the Diels–Alder coupling of the resorcinolic ring with the double bond of the maleic anhydride [ 44 ], even if it occurs in a contained extent. The major polymerized adduct is represented by Figure 10 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannin-Based Copolymer Resins: Synthesis and Characterization by Solid State 13C NMR and FT-IR Spectroscopy

Tondi

2017

Polymers

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In recent years, the interest for bio-sources is rising exponentially and tannins extracts are one of the most interesting, easily-available, phenolic building blocks. The condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins are already known for their polymerization chemistry, which is the basis for several natural-based materials (e.g., adhesives, foams). In the present work we aim to observe the behavior of the extract of Acacia Mimosa (Acacia mearnsii) when reacted with several possible co-monomers at different relative amount, pH and temperature conditions. The more insoluble copolymers obtained with formaldehyde, hexamine, glyoxal, maleic anhydride, furfural and furfuryl alcohol were analyzed through solid state 13C NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) and FT-IR (Fourier Transform-Infrared) spectroscopy. The 13C NMR afforded the opportunity to detect: (i) aromatic substitutions and consequent poly-condensations for the majority of the hardeners studied; (ii) acylation for the maleic anhydride and also some; (iii) Diels–Alder arrangements for the furanic co-monomers; the FT-IR spectroscopy suggested that the formaldehyde and hexamine copolymers present a higher cross-linking degree.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannin-Based Copolymer Resins: Synthesis and Characterization by Solid State 13C NMR and FT-IR Spectroscopy

Tondi

2017

Polymers

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“…38 Once the reacting acidic anhydride groups are grafted to PP ( Scheme 2 ), there are a number of reaction strategies that can be used to crosslink such functionalized polymers. In addition to the quoted literature, 39 in our recent work, we used bifunctional epoxy as a crosslinker: 30 on reacting, epoxy leaves the hydroxyl unit needed for subsequent transesterification. Although the epoxy-based transesterification produces crosslinking with dynamic bonds, controlling bond exchange conditions (e.g., the amount and type of catalyst, temperature, pressure) can be challenging.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, we expected a decrease in storage modulus below T m due to insertion of additional crosslinking bonds in the backbone of PP (that is, insertion of additional crosslinking bonds “should” lead to adverse disruption in crystalline structure). 39 However, this was not the case, at least with the addition of up to 40 wt % of crosslinking additives. The results suggested that even with an addition of 40 wt % crosslinking, there were long enough polymer chains between the crosslinks that are able to form a stable and strong poly-crystalline structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Semicrystalline Networks of Polypropylene with Thiol-Anhydride Exchangeable Crosslinks

Saed

Lin

Terentjev

2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Thermoplastic polyolefins (TPOs) crosslinked by dynamic covalent bonds ( x TPOs) have the potential to be the most utilized class of polymer in the world, with applications ranging from household and automotive to biomedical devices and additive manufacturing. x TPO combines the benefits of thermoplastics and thermosets in a “single material” and potentially avoids their shortcomings. Here, we describe a new two-stage reaction extrusion strategy of TPOs with a backbone consisting of inert C–C bonds (polypropylene, PP), and thiol-anhydride, to dynamically crosslink PP through thiol-thioester bond exchange. The degree of PP crosslinking determines the rubber plateau modulus above the melting point of the plastic: the modulus at 200 °C increases from zero in the melt to 23 kPa at 6% crosslinking, to 60 kPa at 20%, to 105 kPa at 40%. The overall mechanical strength of the solid x TPO plastic is 25% higher compared to the original PP, and the gel fraction of x TPO reaches 55%. Finally, we demonstrate that the crosslinked x TPO material is readily reprocessable (recycled, remolded, rewelded, and 3D printed).

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“…Binary copolymer MAn-PEMA was obtained by radical copolymerization of MAn with PEMA initiated by AIBN in 1,4-dioxane solution. It is known that MAn is capable to form homopolymer in solution [50][51][52]. In order to escape a formation of PEMA homopolymer, a multiple excess of MAn was used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphiphilic Polymers Containing Cholesterol for Drug Delivery Systems

Demchuk¹,

Savka²,

Voronov³

et al. 2016

ChChT

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The interaction of binary copolymers poly(maleic anhydride-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) with cholesterol results in formation of cholesterol containing polymers, which contain from 4.6 to 46.0 mol % monocholesteryl maleic links. Their structure was confirmed using functional analysis and IR spectroscopy. Acidic and anhydride links of these copolymers form polymeric salts if react with alkali. These salts are surfactants which in aqueous medium form hierarchy micelles and micellar aggregates depending on the copolymer concentration. Using conductometry it was found that preferably monomolecular micelles are formed in dilute solutions, and micellar aggregates begin to form at higher concentrations. In aqueous media polymeric salts are able to solubilize such lipophilic substances as Sudan III dye and anticancer drug curcumin. Efficiency of solubilization towards Sudan III grows if the content of monocholesteryl maleic fragment in surfactant increases.

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Production of Maleic Anhydride

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Tannin-Based Copolymer Resins: Synthesis and Characterization by Solid State 13C NMR and FT-IR Spectroscopy

Tannin-Based Copolymer Resins: Synthesis and Characterization by Solid State 13C NMR and FT-IR Spectroscopy

Dynamic Semicrystalline Networks of Polypropylene with Thiol-Anhydride Exchangeable Crosslinks

Amphiphilic Polymers Containing Cholesterol for Drug Delivery Systems

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