Production of magnetic monopoles and monopolium in peripheral collisions

Abstract

The exclusive production by the photon fusion of magnetic monopoles and the bound states of magnetic monopoles, the monopolium, is consider in different high energy processes. More specifically, we calculate the total cross sections of the ultraperipheral elastic collisions of electronelectron, proton-proton and lead-lead in present and future colliders, comparing with the previous results found in the literature. Our results indicates that magnetic monopoles or his bound states, if both exists, can be measuareble in future electron-electron colliders.

Magnetic Monopoles in pp Collisions

“…2 are the results for monopolium production in the LHC, and it can be seen that the cross section decreases with a lower rate when the monopolium mass is raised, compared to the monopole pair production. The production is also increased for higher values of monopole mass, supporting the results in [19] and [20]. The main parameters of the colliders considered in the simulations are shown in Table 1, and in Fig.…”

Hydrogenic entanglement

“…These include proposals for the existence of so-called magnetic monopoles [42], which, like opposite electric charges, are theorised to form bound systems of north-south magnetic monopoles. These are referred to as monopolium [43]. Should these particles be observed, their interaction might cause the two monopole subsystems to become entangled in a similar fashion to the Hydrogen atom.…”

Pair production of magnetic monopoles and stable high-electric-charge objects in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions

“…For a minimal model, the couplings for all HIP interactions are assumed to be velocity-independent. We note that velocity-dependent couplings are assumed in [15,16,19]. This choice was based on the observed equivalence, in the small scattering angle limit, of the electron-monopole scattering differential cross section in [20] and the Rutherford scattering differential cross section, after substituting g c for e v [21].…”

“…Initially, it was envisioned to occur via thermal processes of central collisions where the massive monopoles would couple to the quark-gluon plasma [24] via photons. Later, monopole production was postulated in ultraperipheral elastic photon-fusion processes in electron-electron, proton-proton and lead-lead collisions [19], motivated by the enhanced cross sections due to the high electric charges of the heavy ions over protons. Recently, monopole production has been considered again in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions [25,26], where the strong magnetic field may produce monopoles via the magnetic-dual mechanism of the thermal Schwinger process [27].…”

“…This production mechanism has been considered in an experimental search for the first time by the MoEDAL collaboration [28]. The present study first focuses on the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the ultrarelativistic ions, as in [19], then continues to formulate a model of monopole and HECO production in (the magnetic dual of) QED, assuming the effective interaction is photon fusion.…”