Production of Long-Lived Ultracold<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">L</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Molecules from a Fermi Gas

Cubizolles, J.; Bourdel, Thomas; Kokkelmans, Sjjmf Servaas; Shlyapnikov, G. V.; Salomon, Christophe

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.240401

Cited by 336 publications

(335 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It was their long lifetimes that made further experiments with these molecules feasible [8,13]. The stronger suppression found here might open other experimental avenues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…[12] to explain the long molecular lifetimes observed experimentally for molecules formed of fermions in different spin states. It was their long lifetimes that made further experiments with these molecules feasible [8,13]. The stronger suppression found here might open other experimental avenues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In fact, three-body losses have been used to locate Feshbach resonances [2] and to create ultracold molecules [8]. While general results for threshold [9] and scattering length scaling laws of three-body equal mass systems [10] have been obtained, however, there are no similarly general scaling laws for heteronuclear systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mass dependence of ultracold three-body collision rates

D'Incao

Esry

2006

Phys. Rev. A

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We show that many aspects of ultracold three-body collisions can be controlled by choosing the mass ratio between the collision partners. In the ultracold regime, the scattering length dependence of the three-body rates can be substantially modified from the equal mass results. We demonstrate that the only non-trivial mass dependence is due solely to Efimov physics. We have determined the mass dependence of the three-body collision rates for all heteronuclear systems relevant for two-component atomic gases with resonant s-wave interspecies interactions, which includes only three-body systems with two identical bosons or two identical fermions. The magnetic field sensitivity of the hyperfine states is the key to controlling the interatomic interactions in ultracold gases. By applying an external magnetic field near a diatomic Feshbach resonance, the s-wave scattering length a, which characterizes the low-energy interatomic interactions, can take any value from the weakly (a → 0) to the strongly (|a| → ∞) interacting limits. Even though two-body loss processes can usually be minimized by using resonances in the lowest hyperfine states, three-body loss processes can still be substantial. Fortunately, near the resonance, when |a| ≫ r 0 (with r 0 being the characteristic range of the interatomic interactions) processes such as vibrational relaxation, X+X * 2 → X+X 2 , three-body recombination, X + X + X → X + X * 2 , and collision-induced dissociation, X + X * 2 → X + X + X, no longer depend on the details of the interactions and universal predictions can be made.Recent experiments have underscored the importance of knowing the a dependence of three-body rates in order to determine the atomic and molecular lifetimes. In fact, three-body losses have been used to locate Feshbach resonances [2] and to create ultracold molecules [8]. While general results for threshold [9] and scattering length scaling laws of three-body equal mass systems [10] have been obtained, however, there are no similarly general scaling laws for heteronuclear systems. The specific case of recombination in a two-component Fermi gas has been investigated, though, and found to scale as a 6 for a > 0, and minima were predicted as a function of the mass ratio between the collision partners [11].In this Letter we demonstrate that the mass ratio has a large impact on ultracold three-body collisional losses, allowing a certain degree of control. Using the simple physical picture developed in Ref.[10], extended to include heteronuclear systems, we have determined that the scattering length scaling laws can differ substantially from the equal mass results [10]. For instance, in a system with two identical fermions that are much heavier than the third atom, relaxation of weakly bound heteronuclear molecules scales approximately as a −7 -an even stronger suppression than the a −3.33 scaling found when all three atoms have equal mass [10,12]. This scaling was derived in Ref.[12] to explain the long molecular lifetimes observed experimentally for molecules for...

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“…It was their long lifetimes that made further experiments with these molecules feasible [8,13]. The stronger suppression found here might open other experimental avenues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Mass dependence of ultracold three-body collision rates

D'Incao

Esry

2006

Phys. Rev. A

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“…Experimental efforts to form molecular condensates by photoassociation of atomic condensates have been at least partially successful, although the most successful method for the production of condensed molecules to date has been the recent combination of pairs of fermions using Feshbach techniques [13][14][15][16]. Because of Pauli blocking of the dissociation channel, the dynamics of this process, even if it were to be carried out using photoassociative techniques, are expected to be different from those of superchemistry [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fock-state dynamics in Raman photoassociation of Bose-Einstein condensates

2004

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By stochastic modeling of the process of Raman photoassociation of Bose-Einstein condensates, we show that, the farther the initial quantum state is from a coherent state, the farther the one-dimensional predictions are from those of the commonly used zero-dimensional approach. We compare the dynamics of condensates, initially in different quantum states, finding that, even when the quantum prediction for an initial coherent state is relatively close to the Gross-Pitaevskii prediction, an initial Fock state gives qualitatively different predictions. We also show that this difference is not present in a single-mode type of model, but that the quantum statistics assume a more important role as the dimensionality of the model is increased. This contrasting behavior in different dimensions, well known with critical phenomena in statistical mechanics, makes itself plainly visible here in a mesoscopic system and is a strong demonstration of the need to consider physically realistic models of interacting condensates.

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“…The final state of the system contains the nonzero remnant fraction, which can be calculated as change in the classical action in the model (2), and scales as a power-law of the sweeping rate. The model was introduced in [26] in the attempt to describe recent experiments on Feshbach resonance passage [54,55,56,57], and some power laws were calculated there and compared with experimental data. For the case of nonzero initial molecular fraction, the power-law was also calculated in [27,28] according to the general theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universality in nonadiabatic behavior of classical actions in nonlinear models of Bose-Einstein condensates

Itin

Watanabe

2007

Phys. Rev. E

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We discuss dynamics of approximate adiabatic invariants in several nonlinear models being related to physics of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). We show that nonadiabatic dynamics in Feshbach resonance passage, nonlinear Landau-Zener (NLZ) tunnelling, and BEC tunnelling oscillations in a double-well can be considered within a unifying approach based on the theory of separatrix crossings. The separatrix crossing theory was applied previously to some problems of classical mechanics, plasma physics and hydrodynamics, but has not been used in the rapidly growing BEC-related field yet. We derive explicit formulas for the change in the action in several models. Extensive numerical calculations support the theory and demonstrate its universal character. We also discovered a qualitatively new nonlinear phenomenon in a NLZ model which we propose to call separated adiabatic tunnelling (AT).

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Production of Long-Lived UltracoldLi2Molecules from a Fermi Gas

Cited by 336 publications

References 23 publications

Mass dependence of ultracold three-body collision rates

Mass dependence of ultracold three-body collision rates

Fock-state dynamics in Raman photoassociation of Bose-Einstein condensates

Universality in nonadiabatic behavior of classical actions in nonlinear models of Bose-Einstein condensates

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