Production of Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate from Natural Brine

Ryabtsev, A. D.; Nemkov, N. M.; Kotsupalo, N. P.; Mamylova, E. V.; Chayukova, O. I.

doi:10.1134/s0040579519040079

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Because LiOH is a strong base with high water solubility, 24 it is necessary to obtain a highly concentrated base from the BMED if crystallization is demanded. In ordinary BMED operations, the concentrations of feed in the salt chamber have not reached the saturation concentration value.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐step conversion of sulfate lithium into high‐purity lithium hydroxide crystals via bipolar membrane crystallization

Hou

Wang

et al. 2023

AIChE Journal

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To date, bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is being developed as a competitive technology for waste lithium‐ion battery recovery. However, the purity and concentration of lithium hydroxide generated from a BMED plant could not meet the product criteria for ternary lithium batteries, thus requiring additional condensation, purification, evaporation, and crystallization procedures. Herein, bipolar membrane crystallization (BMC) was proposed for the one‐step conversion of sulfate lithium into high‐purity lithium hydroxide monohydrate crystals. By mediating a continuous saturated feedstock in the salt compartment, it is possible to convert Li2SO4 into 5+ mol/L LiOH at a current density higher than 500 A/m2. Therefore, this unique design allows the production of 99.9% LiOH∙H2O by taking the principle of water dissociation in the bipolar membrane and the simultaneous crystallization procedure. This proof‐of‐concept study proves the feasibility and competitiveness of the BMC for waste lithium recovery by abandoning the condensation and evaporation procedures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐step conversion of sulfate lithium into high‐purity lithium hydroxide crystals via bipolar membrane crystallization

Hou

Wang

et al. 2023

AIChE Journal

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“…Li 2 CO 3 [14,15]. The production of LiOH typically includes the reaction between Li 2 CO 3 and Ca(OH) 2 , with formation of CaCO 3 as a residue [14,16]. This process is characterized by poor production yields and losses of Li 2 CO 3 with CaCO 3 , due to the reduced solubility of Li 2 CO 3 in the presence of LiOH, and inefficiencies during washing and settling operations of the CaCO 3 precipitate [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we present a simple and efficient solvometallurgical process for the purification of technical-grade LiCl to a high-purity final solution product (> 99.5% of Li) that is suitable for further conversion into a battery-grade LiOH•H 2 O, for instance by an electrodialysis process [16,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Solvometallurgical Process for Purification of Lithium Chloride to Battery Grade

Avdibegović

Nguyen

Binnemans

2022

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The use of lithium in manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries for hybrid and electric vehicles, along with stringent environmental regulations, have strongly increased the need for its sustainable production and recycling. The required purity of lithium compounds used for the production of battery components is very high (> 99.5%). In this work, a solvometallurgical process that exploits the differences in solubility between LiCl and other alkali and alkaline-earth chlorides and hydroxides in ethanolic solutions has been investigated for the purification of LiCl to battery grade at room temperature. A closed-loop flowsheet based on the green solvent ethanol is proposed for purification of LiCl, a precursor for battery-grade LiOH·H2O. High-purity LiCl solution (> 99.5% Li) could be obtained in a single-process step comprising the simultaneous selective dissolution of LiCl and the precipitation of Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 using LiOH·H2O in 95 vol% ethanol. However, the analogous process in aqueous solution resulted in impure LiCl (typically less than about 75%). Graphical Abstract

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“…Such a process would reduce the number of processing steps, while consuming less chemicals and generating less waste. Conversion of LiCl into LiOH can be achieved by membrane electrolysis via a process that is similar to the production of NaOH from NaCl [25,26]. Typically, a fluorinated cationexchange membrane with sulfonic acid groups is being used (e.g., Nafion membrane).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Lithium Chloride into Lithium Hydroxide by Solvent Extraction

Nguyen

Deferm

Caytan

et al. 2022

J. Sustain. Metall.

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A hydrometallurgical process is described for conversion of an aqueous solution of lithium chloride into an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide via a chloride/hydroxide anion exchange reaction by solvent extraction. The organic phase comprises a quaternary ammonium chloride and a hydrophobic phenol in a diluent. The best results were observed for a mixture of the quaternary ammonium chloride Aliquat 336 and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (1:1 molar ratio) in the aliphatic diluent Shellsol D70. The solvent extraction process involves two steps. In the first step, the organic phase is contacted with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The phenol is deprotonated, and a chloride ion is simultaneously transferred to the aqueous phase, leading to in situ formation of a quaternary ammonium phenolate in the organic phase. The organic phase, comprising the quaternary ammonium phenolate, is contacted in the second step with an aqueous lithium chloride solution. This contact converts the phenolate into the corresponding phenol by protonation with water extracted to the organic phase, followed by a transfer of hydroxide ions to the aqueous phase and chloride ions to the organic phase. As a result, the aqueous lithium chloride solution is transformed into a lithium hydroxide solution. The process has been demonstrated in continuous counter-current mode in mixer–settlers. Solid battery-grade lithium hydroxide monohydrate was obtained from the aqueous solution by crystallization or by antisolvent precipitation with isopropanol. The process consumes no chemicals other than sodium hydroxide. No waste is generated, with the exception of an aqueous sodium chloride solution. Graphical Abstract

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Production of Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate from Natural Brine

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

One‐step conversion of sulfate lithium into high‐purity lithium hydroxide crystals via bipolar membrane crystallization

One‐step conversion of sulfate lithium into high‐purity lithium hydroxide crystals via bipolar membrane crystallization

One-Step Solvometallurgical Process for Purification of Lithium Chloride to Battery Grade

Conversion of Lithium Chloride into Lithium Hydroxide by Solvent Extraction

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