PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS FROM MILLET HUSK VIA CATALYTIC HYDRODEOXYGENATION IN NIO/AL₂O₃ CATALYSTS

Abstract

A number of viable options are being explored for the production of energy to meet growing global energy demand. The research investigated the conversion of millet husk to liquid hydrocarbons. Furfural was produced from millet husk via a single-stage process that involved simultaneous hydrolysis and dehydration processes, and was subsequently converted to straight-chain hydrocarbons through aldol condensation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions. The hydrodeoxygenation of the aldol condensation product over NiO/Al2O3 (493 K, 30 bar and reaction time of 1 hour) yielded liquid hydrocarbons with the selectivity of 77.5%. The results indicate that millet husk could be a good substrate for furfural production, and could be a source of fuels and chemicals for industries.

Observation of Potential Contaminants in Processed Biomass Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

“…As Figure S5 presents, HMF contamination showed at 3364, 1661, and 1561 cm −1 from O-H stretching, C=O stretching (carbonyl), and C=C stretching of furan ring, respectively [64]. Furfural also showed bands at 3134 cm −1 from C-H stretching of furan ring, at 2859 cm −1 from the C-H vibration of aldehyde group, 1671 cm −1 from C=O in the conjugated carbonyl group, 1465 cm −1 from C=C stretching of furan ring, 1276 and 1021 cm −1 from C-O stretching vibration, 928, 884, and 755 cm −1 from C-H bending out of plane peaks [65,66].…”

“…FTIR band assignments of ionic liquids, enzymes, and biomass-derived chemicals on poplar[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65].…”

Catalytic Conversion of Furfural from Hemicellulose of Citrullus colocynthis (Melon) Seed Husk to Liquid Hydrocarbons

“…To eliminate extra NaOH, the resultant liquid was filtered and three times rinsed with ethanol. Any generated crystalline products were dissolved with ethylacetate [2].…”

“…For lignocellulosic biomass like maize stover, wheat straw, rice husk/straw, and millet husk to be more valuable, biomass can be utilized for energy and biochemical synthesis [2].…”

“…Several works were reported by the literature on the production of liquid hydrocarbons and effect of reaction conditions from lignocellulosic biomass, such as Concorbs [17] and Millet husk [2]. To the best of our knowledge there is no published information in literature on the production of liquid hydrocarbons from Furfural of Hemicelluloses of Citrullus Colocynthis L.(Melon) Seed Husk, therefore this research intends to produce liquid hydrocarbons from Furfural obtained from Hemicelluloses of Citrullus Colocynthis L.(Melon) Seed Husk via Hydrodeoxygenation using NiO/SiO2 as a catalyst.…”