Production of lignocellulose nanofibers from wheat straw by different fibrillation methods. Comparison of its viability in cardboard recycling process

Horticultural Plant Residues as New Source for Lignocellulose Nanofibers Isolation: Application on the Recycling Paperboard Process

“…The low number of recycling cycles limit when using mechanical beating is due to the structural damages caused by the effect of shearing during the beating. Previous studies have confirmed that the use of this technology can be energy-efficient depending on the nanofibrillation treatment [ 38 ]. This phenomenon also explains the increase in density compared to untreated recycled paperboard, as well as the decrease in the porosity.…”

“…The industrial paperboard presents a breaking length value of 5656 m. Considering that in the industrial papermaking process formation is produced in an isotropic way, it is necessary to perform a conversion of the isotropic-anisotropic values to compare them with those obtained in an anisotropic laboratory papersheet former. For this, the anisotropic ratio of 1.65 is considered, obtaining that the industrial cardboard shows a breaking length value of 3443 m [ 38 ]. According to the data obtained, under the conditions studied in this work, only the addition of 4.5% ET would reach this value (3561 m), fully correcting the loss of the mechanical properties during the recycling process.…”

Industrial Application of Nanocelluloses in Papermaking: A Review of Challenges, Technical Solutions, and Market Perspectives

“…Taipale et al [51] and Hii et al [53] observed that the drainage time increased proportionally to the CNF dosage because the CNF retention was favored, thus blocking the pores of the sheets. Espinosa et al [54] explained the effect on drainage in terms of increased water retention ability of mechanically microfibrillated cellulose, which increased viscosity of the suspension. They compared the effects on drainage caused by the addition of different types and doses of NC with those due to the pulp refining [54].…”

“…Espinosa et al [54] explained the effect on drainage in terms of increased water retention ability of mechanically microfibrillated cellulose, which increased viscosity of the suspension. They compared the effects on drainage caused by the addition of different types and doses of NC with those due to the pulp refining [54]. They observed that getting the target breaking length for recycled cardboard (3443 m) required the use of 1000 rev of mechanical refining or the addition of 1.5% CNF.…”

Facile Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibrillation for the Development of a Plasmonic Paper Sensor

“…BC is also noted as remarkable nanoparticle matrix due to its highpurity, strong mechanical properties such as high tensile strength which lowers the NPs aggregation as well as the presence of their active hydroxyl-rich surface for the ease of surface engineering and modifications [12]. Pulp of the cellulose fibers can be modified through nanofibrillation process using high-speed blender, ultrasonic irradiation [13], a high-shear homogenizer [14] or microfluidization [15] with a variety of pretreatments such as to flexibilize the fibers and eliminate the energy consumption [16]. Among the treatment in fibrillation, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) has been noted as an efficient technique in biomass refinery since it is simple and highly efficient with minimum use of organic solvents [17].…”