“…As with accuracy, the constructs of I/C remain unproblematized (Rajadurai, ; Rajagopalan, ), especially in terms of the importance of the role of the listener. Some studies, often in the field of phonetics, have represented the judgments of listeners on specific tasks as inherent features of the L2 speaker or speech (Caspers, ; Edmunds, ; Rogers, DeMasi, & Krause, ; Tajima, Port, & Dalby, ; van Wijngaarden, ). For example, van Wijngaarden () states that “the intelligibility of speech is known to be lower if the speaker is nonnative instead of native for the given language” (p. 103).…”