Production of L-Tryptophan by Microbial Processes

Immunomodulation by foods and microbes: Unravelling the molecular tango

“… 92 , 93 The CaS receptor and GPR139 can also be activated by L‐tryptophan, which can be produced by microbes. 94 , 95 , 96 …”

Biotechnology

“…Lactic acid Lactobacilli large scale [203] Glutamic acid Corynebacterium glutamicum and Brevibacterium large-scale submerged culture, from molasses, partly from alkanes, especially in Japan [168], [204], [205] Lysine mutants of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Brevibacterium partly large-scale submerged culture [168], [203], [205] Other amino acids mutants of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Brevibacterium submerged culture [168], [203], [205][206][207] Methane Methanococcus, Methanosarcina, and other methane bacteria large-scale, anaerobic tower technology, submerged culture [200], [208], [209] Nucleotides (esp. 5 -inosinic acid, 5 -guanylic acid, 5 -xanthylic acid) mutants of Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, and other bacteria batchwise, especially in Japan, submerged culture [168] Lipids bacteria, yeasts, molds, and algae many different potential processes, no practical significance Hydrogen bacteria, algae [210], [211] [212][213][214] Vitamin C (sorbitolsorbose oxidation)…”

Photoproduction of L‐tryptophan from indole and glycine by Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU5

“…Although a wide range of micro-organisms are known to produce L-tryptophan [10], the micro-organisms mostly employed are either genetically engineered or have lower substrate-conversion efficiencies. Photoproduction of Ltryptophan by R. sphaeroides offers several advantages over that produced by chemotrophs [19], particularly when produced from the relatively inexpensive substrates indole and glycine used in this present study, which may make the process economically viable.…”

“…Metabolic disorders that are due to deficiency of Ltryptophan include hartnup disease, aminoaciduria, pellagra and cataract formation [7,8], and thus L-tryptophan is used widely in therapeutic preparations [9]. It is also used widely as a food and feed additive and in nutritional preparations, and therefore L-tryptophan has acquired major commercial significance [10]. Since chemically synthesized amino acids are racemic mixtures, microbial production is of the utmost importance for producing the biologically active L-forms of amino acids [11].…”

“…L-Tryptophan is produced by micro-organisms fundamentally by two processes ; (i) by de novo synthesis without precursors and (ii) by the bioconversion of L-tryptophan precursors. De novo synthesis of L-tryptophan proceeds via the common biosynthetic pathway of aromatic amino acids [10] and mostly genetically altered micro-organisms are capable of producing high quantities of L-tryptophan without feedback inhibition [12]. The widely used precursors for Ltryptophan synthesis are indole and L-serine [13,14], and the process is catalysed by the enzyme tryptophan synthase [15].…”