“…Third‐generation biofuels, however, are obtained from algae . Research, development and production of new biofuels are ongoing and even surpassing first‐generation biofuels …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These biomass sources may be used as ‘drop‐in’ fuels in transport, without the need to modify existing engines . Second‐generation biofuels produced from lignocellulosic material are expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions more than first‐generation biofuels . Lignocellulosic material consists of carbohydrates, with an excess of oxygenated groups, used in the conversion process into fuels through different reactions .…”
“…Third‐generation biofuels, however, are obtained from algae . Research, development and production of new biofuels are ongoing and even surpassing first‐generation biofuels …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These biomass sources may be used as ‘drop‐in’ fuels in transport, without the need to modify existing engines . Second‐generation biofuels produced from lignocellulosic material are expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions more than first‐generation biofuels . Lignocellulosic material consists of carbohydrates, with an excess of oxygenated groups, used in the conversion process into fuels through different reactions .…”
“…Biomass has been a significant contributor in achieving sustainable development goals (Triwahyuni et al, 2015). Over the last few decades, researchers have thoroughly practiced multiple techniques to generate energy from biomass and its related materials (Ravindran et al, 2015;Yadav et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2015). This achievement can be attributed to the main reasons like low cost and abundance e.g.…”
Abstract. Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the abundant renewable bioresources on earth. Its chemical composition, i.e., lignin hinders ethanol production and commercialization. Pretreatment processes are vital for efficient separation of the complex interlinked components and enhance the availability of every component, i.e., cellulose and hemicellulose. However, for the bioethanol production, a major barrier is the removal of strong lignin component which is highly resistant to solubilization and a major inhibitor for hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. Pretreatment of biomass is necessary to make it susceptible to microorganisms, enzymes, and pathogens. Consequently, for the ethanol production, pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass process is very costly. The initial pretreatment approaches include physical, physicochemical and biological methods. It found out that; pretreatment methods have a significant impact on efficient production of ethanol from biomass. However, extensive research is still necessary for the development of new and more efficient pretreatment processes for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. Present review article presents recent development on lignocellulose biomass pretreatment. We discussed the different pretreatment methods along advantages, disadvantages, and challenges for bioethanol production. This review includes benefits and drawbacks and chemical, physical, physiochemical and biological pretreatment along with existing problems. For the production of ethanol, this review will help researchers regarding selection, development and further planning of pretreatment for different lignocellulosic residues.
“…Scientists from the University of Science & Technology of China (USTC) in Hefei have developed a novel method for converting plant biomass into the two main chemical components of jet fuel …”
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