Production of isopropyl palmitate in a catalytic distillation column: Experimental studies

Esterification of oleic acid for biodiesel production catalyzed by 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid

“…The results found in the literature also seem to disagree about whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Thus, in some works it was found that the esterification reaction of fatty acids was endothermic, with a very low reaction heat (between 7 and 20 kJ/mol) [27,29,30,44,45], whereas there is apparently only one work that reports an exothermic esterification reaction, with a reaction heat of -11.1 kJ/mol [9].…”

Production and optimization of isopropyl palmitate via biocatalytic route using home‐made enzymatic catalysts

“…Among these esters, isopropyl palmitate is an interesting compound; it is widely used in personal products, exhibiting good emollient properties and good compatibility with the skin, which enhances its addition to moisturizers, sunscreens, and conditioner formulations . The chemical production of this compound is well stablished and is extensively reported in the literature using several catalysts, such as sulfonic acid type ion exchange resins, zinc acetate complex supported on functionalized silica, and solid super acids . However, the possibility to synthesize this ester via an enzymatic and sustainable route would be very interesting and is poorly described in the literature.…”

Distillation of Natural Fatty Acids and Their Chemical Derivatives

“…However, to date most studies have focused on computer aided modeling, simulation and economics of reactive distillation to produce fatty acid alkyl esters (Bhatia et al, 2007;Kiss, 2011;Kiss et al, 2006;Nguyen & Demirel, 2011;Omota et al, 2001;Omota et al, 2003ab) while more recent experimentally based studies are not as prevalent (Bhatia et al, 2006;He et al, 2006;Silva et al, 2010;Steinigeweg & Gmehling, 2003). Steinigeweg and Gmehling (2003) reported the development of a reactive distillation process for the pilot plant production of decanoic acid methyl esters.…”

“…Bhatia and coworkers performed a thorough study on the esterification of palmitic acid with isopropanol in a reactive distillation column using zinc acetate supported on functionalized silica gel as a catalyst in Katapak-SP structured packing (Bhatia et al, 2006). The column performance was evaluated by varying the operating parameters such as feed flow rate, reboiler temperature, palmitic acid feed composition, palmitic acid feed temperature, molar ratio of isopropanol feed to palmitic acid feed and reflux ratio.…”