Production of interferon by brains of genetically resistant and susceptible mice infected with West Nile virus

Vainio, Tapani; Gwatkin, Ralph B. L.; Koprowski, Hilary

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(61)90328-2

Cited by 52 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, several relevant studies of arbovirus infections in mice indicate that interferon production appears to be directly related to virus replication, more interferon being detected in tissues of animals in which virus titres are highest (Cole & Nathanson, 1968;Cole & Wisseman, 1969;Subrahmanyan & Mims, 1966;Vainio, Gwatkin & Koprowski, 1961). In our view, such findings fail to suggest a significant role for interferon in this experimental model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Experimental encephalitis following peripheral inoculation of West Nile virus in mice of different ages

Weiner

Cole

Nathanson

1970

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYExperimental arbovirus infections of mice provide a convenient model to study factors which determine the occurrence or severity of encephalitis following extraneural infection with certain neurotropic viruses. Varying doses of West Nile or Powassan viruses were inoculated by intraperitoneal or intramuscular routes into mice of varing ages; individual variables were manipulated to influence the outcome of infection. Three patterns of pathogenesis were delineated: (1) Fatal encephalitis, preceded by early viraemia, and invasion of the central nervous system. (2) Inapparent infection, with no detectable viraemia and no evidence of central nervous system invasion. (3) Subelinical encephalitis, usually preceded by trace viraemia, with minimal transient levels of virus in the brain. In this latter type of subelinical infection with a potentially lethal virus, the immune response probably plays an important role in recovery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Experimental encephalitis following peripheral inoculation of West Nile virus in mice of different ages

Weiner

Cole

Nathanson

1970

J. Hyg.

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“…*days post inoculation of sialokinin-I; **concentration of sialokinin-I inoculation; ***percent control of cytokine measured. Table 2 Effect of sialokinin-II on cytokine production in C3H/HeJ mice induced lower flavivirus titres both in vitro and in vivo, resulted in reduced production of replicative forms of viral RNA as well as the production of more efficient defective viral particles in resistant mice (Vainio et al 1961, Darnell et al 1974, Brinton 1983. In terms of studying the effect of these changes on the immune response to viral infection, data from Brinton et al indicated that resistance to yellow fever virus inoculation in resistant mice might be independent of interferon production (Brinton et al 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito feeding modulates Th1 and Th2 cytokines in flavivirus susceptible mice: an effect mimicked by injection of sialokinins, but not demonstrated in flavivirus resistant mice

Zeidner

Higgs

Happ

et al. 1999

Parasite Immunology

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Culex pipiens and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were fed on C3H/HeJ mice and systemic cytokine production was quantified from stimulated lymphocytes harvested four to ten days after feeding. Mosquito feeding on C3H/HeJ mice significantly down regulated IFN gamma production seven to ten days post feeding by Cx. pipiens and seven days after Ae aegypti feeding. Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, were significantly up regulated 4-7 days after Cx. pipiens and Ae. aegypti feeding. The immunosuppressive effect of Cx. pipiens feeding on systemic cytokine production was not evident in congenic flavivirus resistant (C3H/RV) mice, as systemic IFN gamma and IL-2 were significantly up regulated at days 7 and 10, correlating with a significant decrease in IL-4 10 days after feeding by Cx. pipiens mosquitoes. Inoculation of 5-1000 ng of sialokinin-I into C3H/HeJ mice mimicked the effect of Ae. aegypti feeding by down regulating Th1 cytokines and significantly up regulating Th2 cytokines four days post inoculation. Injections of sialokinin-II resulted in only moderate effects on IFN gamma and IL-4 production seven and ten days after injection. Thus natural feeding by two arbovirus vectors had a profound T cell modulatory effect in vivo in virus susceptible animals which was not demonstrated in the flavivirus resistant host. Moreover, sialokinin-I and sialokinin-II mimicked the effect of mosquito feeding by modulating the host T cell response. These results may lend new insight into specific aspects of the role of the mosquito vector in potentiating virus transmission in the mammalian host.

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“…More experiments are also required using inbred strains of animals. In one such study (59), it was found that brain tissue of mice genetically resistant to West Nile virus (and other viruses) produced no more interferon after cerebral infection than did mice of a virus-susceptible line.…”

Section: Interferon Productionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Interferons: Cellular Inhibitors of Viral Infection

Wagner¹

1963

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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Production of interferon by brains of genetically resistant and susceptible mice infected with West Nile virus

Cited by 52 publications

References 4 publications

Experimental encephalitis following peripheral inoculation of West Nile virus in mice of different ages

Experimental encephalitis following peripheral inoculation of West Nile virus in mice of different ages

Mosquito feeding modulates Th1 and Th2 cytokines in flavivirus susceptible mice: an effect mimicked by injection of sialokinins, but not demonstrated in flavivirus resistant mice

The Interferons: Cellular Inhibitors of Viral Infection

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