Production of <i>trans</i>‐free margarine stock by enzymatic interesterification of rice bran oil, palm stearin and coconut oil

Adhikari, Prakash; Shin, Jung‐Ah; Lee, Jeung-Hee; Hu, Jiang‐Ning; Zhu, Xuemei; Akoh, Casimir C.; Lee, Ki‐Teak

doi:10.1002/jsfa.3872

Cited by 66 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Elaidic acid is a characteristic trans FA which is generated by low quality catalysis during margarine production. Technologies have been developed to minimise trans FA production in industrial and cooking processes 198 , although they still appear in food consumed. Further advances in these technologies are required.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Health and Blood Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Kremmyda¹,

Tvrzická²,

Staňková³

et al. 2011

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

152

134

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Background. This is the second of two review parts aiming at describing the major physiological roles of fatty acids, as well as their applications in specific conditions related to human health.Results. The review included the current literature published in Pubmed up to March 2011. In humans, fatty acids are a principle energy substrate and structural components of cell membranes (phospholipids) and second messengers. Fatty acids are also ligands of nuclear receptors affecting gene expression. Longer-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid are precursors of lipid mediators such as eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes), resolvins and neuroprotectins. Lipid mediators produced by EPA and DHA (LC n-3 PUFA; mainly found in oily fish) are considered as inflammation-resolving, and thus, fish oil has been characterised as antiinflammatory. Recommendations for EPA plus DHA intake from oily fish vary between 250-450 mg/day. Dietary reference values for fat vary between nutrition bodies, but mainly agree on a low total and saturated fat intake. The existing literature supports the protective effects of LC n-3 PUFA (as opposed to n-6 PUFA and saturated fat) in maternal and offspring health, cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, the metabolic syndrome, cancer, critically ill patients, and immune system disorders.Conclusion. Fatty acids are involved in multiple pathways and play a major role in health. Further investigation and a nutrigenomics approach to the effects of these biocompounds on health and disease development are imperative and highlight the importance of environmental modifications on disease outcome.humans. Thus, these FA may be characterised as conditionally essential depending on EFA availability. Genetic variation in human desaturase genes affects FA metabolism, plasma lipid profiles, and risk of disease development [5][6][7] . Recommendations for minimum dietary intake of EPA plus DHA vary between 250-450 mg/day 8 , especially for pregnant women and those of reproductive age. Rich sources of LC n-3 PUFA are fish oils and the flesh of oily fish, whereas non-oily (white) fish contain them but in lower amounts.Long-chain PUFA with 18-20 carbon atoms, including EPA and AA, are precursors of eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leucotrienes and thromboxanes), which have a broad scale of regulatory, autocrine and paracrine effects. Long-chain PUFA with 20 and 22 carbon atoms are precursors of autacoids -resolvins (resolution phase interaction products), lipoxins and neuroprotectins 9 . FA are also ligands of nuclear receptors which take part in the subcellular control of metabolic pathways. Covalent modification of proteins by FA acylation enables their incorporation into membranes. Hydroxy FA are activators of some nuclear factors and are responsible for the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1,

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Section: Cardiovascular Health and Blood Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Kremmyda¹,

Tvrzická²,

Staňková³

et al. 2011

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

152

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Medium-chain TAGs are hydrolyzed faster and more completely than long-chain TAGs 3 , hence, they are used immediately as energy sources in the body and avoid being stored in the adipose tissue 2 . Moreover, it has been shown that medium-chain TAGs may reduce the incorporation and storage of dietary fats and oil in adipose tissue 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Coconut Oil Fractions Obtained from Solvent Fractionation Using Acetone

et al. 2017

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“…There have been a number of recent studies regarding EI of PS and RBO blends (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), where PS was used as a source of saturated FAs that were transferred to the TAG structure of RBO in order to create low trans or trans-free fat blends with improved crystallization and melting characteristics for shortenings and margarines. However, in this study, PS was solvent-fractionated and only the solid hard palm stearin (hPS) fraction was used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-free margarine fat produced using enzymatic interesterification of rice bran oil and hard palm stearin

Ornla‐ied

Sonwai

Lertthirasuntorn³

2016

Food Sci Biotechnol

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-free interesterified fats were prepared from blends of hard palm stearin (hPS) and rice bran oil (RBO) at 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20 weight % using immobilized lipase at 60°C for 6 h with a mixing speed of 300 rpm. Physical properties and crystallization and melting behaviors of interesterified blends were investigated and compared with commercial margarine fats. Lipase-catalyzed interesterification modified triacylglycerol compositions and physical and thermal properties of hPS:RBO blends. Slip melting point and solid fat contents (SFC) of all blends decreased after interesterification. Small, mostly β' form, needle-shaped crystals, desirable for margarines were observed in interesterified fats. Interesterified blend 40:60 exhibited an SFC profile and crystallization and melting characteristics most similar to commercial margarine fats and also had small needle-like β' crystals. Interesterified blend 40:60 was suitable for use as a transfree margarine fat.

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Production of trans‐free margarine stock by enzymatic interesterification of rice bran oil, palm stearin and coconut oil

Cited by 66 publications

References 20 publications

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

Characterization of Coconut Oil Fractions Obtained from Solvent Fractionation Using Acetone

Trans-free margarine fat produced using enzymatic interesterification of rice bran oil and hard palm stearin

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