Production of hydrogen sulfide by two enzymes associated with biosynthesis of homocysteine and lanthionine in Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586

Yamaguchi, Yasuo; Ito, Shuntaro; Kamo, Masaharu; Kezuka, Yuichiro; Tamura, Haruki; Kunimatsu, Kazushi; Kato, Hirohisa

doi:10.1099/mic.0.039180-0

Cited by 43 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Further analysis of the amino acid sequences of cysteine synthase from the three species showed almost complete homologies with the sequence reported for cdl (Fn1220) in F. nucleatum . Yoshida and coworkers reported approximately 40% identity of the H 2 S producing gene Fn1220 from F. nucleatum to cysteine synthases A and B in E. coli and suggested that both these enzymes may catalyze both of the reactions that result in the production of H 2 S and L-lantionine and of L-cysteine and acetate respectively [15]. One can therefore assume that H 2 S production in different species of Fusobacterium is the result of the condensation of cysteine molecules with lanthionine as a byproduct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The proteins of Fusobacterium spp. involved in hydrogen sulfide production from L-cysteine

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic foul-smelling gas produced by subgingival biofilms in patients with periodontal disease and is suggested to be part of the pathogenesis of the disease. We studied the H2S-producing protein expression of bacterial strains associated with periodontal disease. Further, we examined the effect of a cysteine-rich growth environment on the synthesis of intracellular enzymes in F. nucleatum polymorphum ATCC 10953. The proteins were subjected to one-dimensional (1DE) and two-dimensional (2DE) gel electrophoresis An in-gel activity assay was used to detect the H2S-producing enzymes; Sulfide from H2S, produced by the enzymes in the gel, reacted with bismuth forming bismuth sulfide, illustrated as brown bands (1D) or spots (2D) in the gel. The discovered proteins were identified with liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).ResultsCysteine synthase and proteins involved in the production of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5′phosphate (that catalyzes the production of H2S) were frequently found among the discovered enzymes. Interestingly, a higher expression of H2S-producing enzymes was detected from bacteria incubated without cysteine prior to the experiment.ConclusionsNumerous enzymes, identified as cysteine synthase, were involved in the production of H2S from cysteine and the expression varied among Fusobacterium spp. and strains. No enzymes were detected with the in-gel activity assay among the other periodontitis-associated bacteria tested. The expression of the H2S-producing enzymes was dependent on environmental conditions such as cysteine concentration and pH but less dependent on the presence of serum and hemin.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-017-0967-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The proteins of Fusobacterium spp. involved in hydrogen sulfide production from L-cysteine

et al. 2017

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“…Cell extracts showed enzymatic activity resulting in production of H 2 S from L-cysteine, while the cell membrane fraction displayed no such activity, indicating that the H 2 S-producing enzyme is located in the cytoplasm. Among oral bacteria, Fusobacterium species (32)(33)(34)(35) have been reported to possess cystathionine ␥-lyase (EC 4.4.1.1) (which cleaves L-cysteine to pyruvate, ammonia, and H 2 S at a ratio of 1:1:1), cystathionine ␤-synthase lyase (EC 4.2.1.22) (which cleaves L-cysteine to serine and H 2 S at a ratio of 1:1), and cysteine lyase (EC 4.4.1.10) (which catalyzes the synthesis of lanthionine and H 2 S at a ratio of 1:1 from 2 cysteines) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pH and Lactate on Hydrogen Sulfide Production by Oral Veillonella spp

Washio

Shimada

Yamada

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Indigenous oral bacteria in the tongue coating such as Veillonella have been identified as the main producers of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), one of the major components of oral malodor. However, there is little information on the physiological properties of H 2 S production by oral Veillonella such as metabolic activity and oral environmental factors which may affect H 2 S production. Thus, in the present study, the H 2 S-producing activity of growing cells, resting cells, and cell extracts of oral Veillonella species and the effects of oral environmental factors, including pH and lactate, were investigated. Type strains of Veillonella atypica, Veillonella dispar, and Veillonella parvula were used. These Veillonella species produced H 2 S during growth in the presence of L-cysteine. Resting cells of these bacteria produced H 2 S from L-cysteine, and the cell extracts showed enzymatic activity to convert L-cysteine to H 2 S. H 2 S production by resting cells was higher at pH 6 to 7 and lower at pH 5. The presence of lactate markedly increased H 2 S production by resting cells (4.5-to 23.7-fold), while lactate had no effect on enzymatic activity in cell extracts. In addition to H 2 S, ammonia was produced in cell extracts of all the strains, indicating that H 2 S was produced by the catalysis of cystathionine ␥-lyase (EC 4.4.1.1). Serine was also produced in cell extracts of V. atypica and V. parvula, suggesting the involvement of cystathionine ␤-synthase lyase (EC 4.2.1.22) in these strains. This study indicates that Veillonella produce H 2 S from L-cysteine and that their H 2 S production can be regulated by oral environmental factors, namely, pH and lactate.O ral malodor is due to metabolic products of bacteria in the oral cavity, particularly those living on the dorsum of the tongue (1, 2). Some cases of oral malodor are known to be linked with periodontitis (3, 4), and thus various periodontitis-related bacterial species have been detected in the tongue coating (5, 6). These findings also suggest that the tongue coating plays a role in the reservoir of such bacteria (5). Most of these bacteria have the ability to produce hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), one of the major components of oral malodor (7,8). In a previous study (9), we focused on oral malodor in patients without oral diseases such as periodontitis or caries and found that the predominant H 2 S-producing bacteria were not periodontitis-related bacteria but were mainly indigenous bacteria of the oral cavity such as Veillonella and Actinomyces. Among these, Veillonella species, including V. atypica, V. dispar, and V. parvula, were dominant (9).Veillonella species are Gram-negative anaerobic micrococci that are frequently detected in the tongue coating (6, 9). These bacteria are asaccharolytic but utilize lactate, pyruvate, and oxaloacetate as energy sources. Although several studies have reported that Veillonella species produce H 2 S (1, 8, 10, 11), the metabolic properties of H 2 S production have not been fully understood. In the tongue coating, environmen...

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“…Since that time, L- or D-cysteine desulfhydrase have been described in diverse taxa (Kumagai et al, 1975) including a few intestinal pathogens such as Salmonella thyphimurium (Kredich et al, 1972), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Wheeler et al, 2005), H. pylori (Kim et al, 2006), and the protozoan Leishmania major (Nowicki et al, 2010). L- or D-cysteine desulfhydrase have also been studied in various oral microorganisms as a source of malodor and abscess formation (Igarashi et al, 2009; Yoshida et al, 2010, 2011). Those genera found in the oral cavity, namely Streptococcus, Prevotella and Fusobacterium , are also common inhabitants of the human colon.…”

Section: Microbial Pathways Involved In Colonic Sulfur Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial pathways in colonic sulfur metabolism and links with health and disease

et al. 2012

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Sulfur is both crucial to life and a potential threat to health. While colonic sulfur metabolism mediated by eukaryotic cells is relatively well studied, much less is known about sulfur metabolism within gastrointestinal microbes. Sulfated compounds in the colon are either of inorganic (e.g., sulfates, sulfites) or organic (e.g., dietary amino acids and host mucins) origin. The most extensively studied of the microbes involved in colonic sulfur metabolism are the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which are common colonic inhabitants. Many other microbial pathways are likely to shape colonic sulfur metabolism as well as the composition and availability of sulfated compounds, and these interactions need to be examined in more detail. Hydrogen sulfide is the sulfur derivative that has attracted the most attention in the context of colonic health, and the extent to which it is detrimental or beneficial remains in debate. Several lines of evidence point to SRB or exogenous hydrogen sulfide as potential players in the etiology of intestinal disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancer in particular. Generation of hydrogen sulfide via pathways other than dissimilatory sulfate reduction may be as, or more, important than those involving the SRB. We suggest here that a novel axis of research is to assess the effects of hydrogen sulfide in shaping colonic microbiome structure. Clearly, in-depth characterization of the microbial pathways involved in colonic sulfur metabolism is necessary for a better understanding of its contribution to colonic disorders and development of therapeutic strategies.

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Production of hydrogen sulfide by two enzymes associated with biosynthesis of homocysteine and lanthionine in Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586

Cited by 43 publications

References 45 publications

The proteins of Fusobacterium spp. involved in hydrogen sulfide production from L-cysteine

The proteins of Fusobacterium spp. involved in hydrogen sulfide production from L-cysteine

Effects of pH and Lactate on Hydrogen Sulfide Production by Oral Veillonella spp

Microbial pathways in colonic sulfur metabolism and links with health and disease

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