Production of hydrocarbon fuels by heterogeneously catalyzed oligomerization of ethylene: Tuning of the product distribution

(Co‐)Oligomerization of Olefins to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Influence of Feed Composition and Pressure

“…Temperature and space velocity showed an unambiguous behavior regarding their influence on the product mixture, whereas contradictory effects were reported for pressure variations. A trend towards higher oligomers with increasing olefin partial pressure on zeolites and mesoporous silica-aluminas was shown, e.g., by Koninckx et al [12], Betz et al [13] and Jan et al [34]. In contrast, Silva et al and Dı ´az et al observed the opposite behavior, namely a shift to smaller oligomers with increasing pressure, in the case of HZSM-5, BEA and aluminosilicates [26,35,36].…”

“…2. In the latter case, the primary product of ethylene oligomerization at low pressure is butylene [13] disguising the conversion of the originally fed butylene. Particularly at 16 bar, this effect plays an important role as the proportion of butylene in the product stream is high, resulting in a significant drop of its conversion (X C4 = 7.5 %).…”

“…The oligomerization of ethylene has been widely studied [11][12][13]. At temperatures below 250 °C, ethylene inevitably requires transition metals as catalysts, e.g., nickel supported on silica-alumina [13].…”

“…The oligomerization of ethylene has been widely studied [11][12][13]. At temperatures below 250 °C, ethylene inevitably requires transition metals as catalysts, e.g., nickel supported on silica-alumina [13]. On such metal sites, ethylene starts the carbon chain growth via a coordination-insertion mechanism [11].…”

“…The influence of different reaction conditions like temperature or space velocity was also studied as well as the role of different catalysts [12,13,15,16,26,33]. Temperature and space velocity showed an unambiguous behavior regarding their influence on the product mixture, whereas contradictory effects were reported for pressure variations.…”