Excellent response rate to a double dose of the combined hepatitis A and B vaccine in previous nonresponders to hepatitis B vaccine. J Infect Dis 2008, 198:299-304. Rating: • Of importance.Introduction: Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is widespread. Chronic HBV infection is a particular problem because it is associated with a signifi cant risk of developing cirrhosis or hepatocellular cancer [1,2]. Immunization with one of the commercially available hepatitis B vaccines is effective in preventing acquisition of HBV infection and 95% or more of individuals receiving the three-dose vaccine regimen develop an acceptable level of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HbsAg) [3][4][5]. For most populations, this level of response is believed to be adequate. However, in certain higher risk groups (eg, health care workers) an attempt to revaccinate nonresponders is generally warranted. Despite a variety of alterations in vaccine type, adjuvant addition, dosing regimen, and mechanism of administration, no clear-cut method to effectively immunize nonresponders has emerged.