Production of helium by medium energy (600 and 800 MeV) proton

Green, S.L.; Green, W.V.; Hegedüs, F.; Victoria, M.; Sommer, W.F.; Oliver, Brian M.

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(88)90525-9

Cited by 60 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Accuracy in He production for mid-Z (Fe, Ni, Cu) elements in known to be poor [9] using these assumptions, however. Using these assumptions, the calculated He cross sections are generally low by about factor of 2 for mid-Z elements, in agreement with that seen here, and in earlier high-energy proton irradiations in LAMPF [10].…”

Section: Retained Hydrogen In Apt Alloyssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The helium 4/3 ratio was the highest for Alloy 718, and appear to scale with the level of high-Z components in the material, rather than with the major component Fe or Ni. Measurements in LAMPF showed helium 4/3 ratios from 8.16 for Ni to 13.7 for W [10].…”

Section: Retained Hydrogen In Apt Alloysmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The data in the last two columns of the table represent the "net" hydrogen retained in the samples after subtraction of the measured hydrogen in the unirradiated materials in Table 3. Absolute uncertainty (10) in the hydrogen analyses is estimated at -20Y0, and is due partly to the uncertainty in the calibrated hydrogen leak source discussed above. Additional uncertainty may also be present from possible hydrogen release from remaining water layers or hydrated metal oxides on the surface of the sample that are subsequently dissociated by the hot crucible.…”

Section: Retained Hydrogen In Apt Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retention of Very High Levels of Helium and Hydrogen Generated in Various Structural Alloys by 800 MeV Protons and Spallation Neutrons

Oliver

Garner

Maloy

et al. 2001

Effects of Radiation on Materials: 20th International Symposium

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A series of irradiations were conducted in the Los Ala.mos Neutron Science Center as part of the test program supporting the Accelerator Production of Tritium Program sponsored by US-DOE. In this irradiation campaign, a variety of candidate structural alloys were placed in various particle spectra, ranging from 800 MeV protons, to mixed energy distributions of both protons and spallation neutrons, and to primarily high energy neutrons. At proton energies on the order of hundreds of MeV, exceptionally high levels of gas atoms are generated in all elemental constituents of typical structural alloys, with helium typically at -150 appm per dpa and hydrogen at approximately an order of magnitude greater. Since neither of these gases are considered to have a good effect on structural properties of interest, their retention after both recoil and diffusional losses is of strong interest.Helium is essentially immobile at all temperatures of interest, but hydrogen has some limited temperature-dependent mobility. To assess the degree of retention, each gas was measured in a number of highly irradiated specimens of different alloy compositions and dpa levels. The results show that helium production is relatively insensitive to composition and its retention is nearly total. The retained hydrogen levels, however, are somewhat sensitive to composition, reflecting different levels of diffusional loss, but are still at very large concentrations. There is some speculation that co-generation of helium and hydrogen assists in the trapping of hydrogen, and results in relatively high levels of hydrogen retention even at higher irradiation temperatures.The potential implications of these findings on the anticipated performance of structural alloys, especially at higher exposure levels, is discussed. The use of the measurements to provide benchmarks for determination of gas production cross sections is also examined.

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Section: Retained Hydrogen In Apt Alloyssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Retained Hydrogen In Apt Alloysmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Retained Hydrogen In Apt Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retention of Very High Levels of Helium and Hydrogen Generated in Various Structural Alloys by 800 MeV Protons and Spallation Neutrons

Oliver

Garner

Maloy

et al. 2001

Effects of Radiation on Materials: 20th International Symposium

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show abstract

“…As an example we have plotted the evaluated helium production cross-sections (see above) and several experimental data by Alard [14], Green [15], Michel [16] and more recent experiments performed at PSI [17]. Comparisons have shown that the JENDL-HE evaluation is in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data.…”

Section: Gas Production Ratesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Irradiation conditions of ADS beam window and implications for window material

Vladimirov¹,

Möslang²

2006

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…The nominal calculated doses are reported with an uncertainty of about 20% in terms of the actual dpa level. Finally, we mention that the production of He/dpa in PIREX was previously determined to be about 170 appm He/dpa in steels [7].…”

Section: Irradiation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 98%