Production of Gynogenic Plants of Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Unpollinated Ovule Culture In Vitro

Abstract

The unique and balanced components of the biochemical composition, together with high antioxidant activity, make the red beet necessary a dietary vegetable crop, much contributing to healthy food ration. The application of the technology for producing gynogenic plants in vitro increases the genetic diversity and significantly reduces the period of time required to obtain the appropriate homozygous lines used to create the F1 hybrids that are demanded in the market. For induction of gynogenesis, we used IMB medium developed by us with the addition of 55 g/L sucrose, 3 g/L phytogel, 200 mg/L ampicillin, and 0.4 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ) and cultured at 28 °C in the dark for 4–6 weeks. Shoot regeneration from embryoids and callus was performed on MS medium with 20 g/L sucrose, 3 g/L phytogel, 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 0.1 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA3). Immersion of the obtained microshoots with 5–7 well-developed leaves for 10–15 s into concentrated sterile indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) solution (50 mg/L) followed by their cultivation on solid medium ½ IMB with 2% sucrose and 3 g/L phytogel was the most efficient method for root formation. The addition of silver nitrate (22 mg/L) to the nutrient medium provoked an increase in the number of induced ovules up to nine per Petri dish (up to 25% of induced ovules). Gynogenic development was produced in six out of 11 genotypes studied, and the plants that were then acclimatized to ex vitro conditions were obtained in three genotypes (Nezhnost’, Dobrynya, b/a 128). The evaluation of ploidy of gynogenic plants that was carried out by flow cytometry and direct counting of chromosomes stained with propion-lacmoide revealed that all obtained gynogenic plants were haploids (2n = x = 9).

Haploid Induction in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) via Gynogenesis

“…This technique has been successful in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thumb) Lindl.) [17], citrus (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) [18], spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) [19], cucurbits [14,20], red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) [21] and Gentiana ssp. [22] crops, where it is feasible to apply this technique in breeding.…”

Spontaneous and Chemically Induced Genome Doubling and Polyploidization in Vegetable Crops

“…vulgaris L.), the SHGD rate varied in different studies. Some authors observed no incidence of SHGD [28], while others obtained up to 70% diploid plants [29] or tetraploid regenerants [30]. The close relative of red beet, sugar beet (B. vulgaris subsp.…”

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted osmotic dehydration as a pretreatment for microwave drying of beetroot (Beta vulgaris)

“…The edible part can be spherical or cylindrical and have different colors such as red, yellow, white, or purple (Chhikara et al, 2019). France and Russia are the leading beetroot-producing countries, followed by Germany, the United States, and Turkey (Zayachkovskaya et al, 2021). Based on 2020 data, the production of red beetroot in Turkey was 8000 tons (TUIK, 2021).…”