Production of growth factors related to fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor by human embryonal carcinoma cells

Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated that mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells produce at least two growth factors: one related to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and another related to basic fibroblast growth factor (FGFb). Since human EC cell lines are being used with increased frequency, the current study examined whether human EC cells produce growth factors, in particular those produced by mouse EC cells. In this study, it was determined that the human EC cell line NT2/D1 produces a heat-labile heparin-binding growth factor that behaves like FGF in a bioassay. Three additional criteria suggest that this factor is closely related or identical to FGFb. The factor from NT2/D1 EC cells, bovine FGFb and FGFb produced by the human hepatoma cell line SK-HEP-1 elute from heparin at similar salt concentrations. The factor produced by NT2/D1 EC cells exhibits a thermal stability curve that is nearly identical to those for bovine FGFb and FGFb from SK-HEP-1 cells. Lastly, NT2/D1 and SK-HEP-1 cells express transcripts of the same size that hybridize with a cDNA probe for human FGFb. In the course of these studies it was determined that NT2/D1 EC cells also express several transcripts that hybridize with a cDNA probe for the human PDGF A-chain. Thus, our findings suggest that the pattern of growth factor production by human and mouse EC cells is evolutionarily conserved.

Regional Differentiation of Retinoic Acid-Induced Human Pluripotent Embryonic Carcinoma Stem Cell Neurons

“…The high expression level of NANOG may account for the ability of NT2 cells to grow well in the absence of feeder cells as has been reported for hES cells expressing high levels of NANOG [68]. Furthermore, human EC cells have been reported to produce FGF2 [69], [70]. We have confirmed that NT2 cells express FGF2 as well as EGF mRNA.…”

Epidermal growth factor stimulates the cell growth of the PA-1 teratocarcinoma cell line in an autocrine/paracrine fashion

“…Previous studies have established that EC cells not only produce growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (12)(13)(14), insulin-like growth factor (14-16), fibroblast growth factor (13,(17)(18)(19), transforming growth factors a and ß (14) and several incompletely characterized growth factors (17), but they possess also the receptors for growth factors (12,16,20,21). In spite of these many reports about growth factors in EC cells, the production of EGF by teratocarcinoma cells has not been shown until the report of Jing et al (10), which demonstrated the secretion of polypeptides related to EGF in PA-1 cells by means of a bioassay for EGF using the GH26H cell line and Western blot.…”

Transforming growth factor-β and its receptor are differentially regulated in human embryonal carcinoma cells

“…TGF-/3 is a potent stimulator of extracellular matrix deposition (reviewed in [48]). In addition the TGF-Bs might co-operate with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) produced by human EC cells [56,621 and stimulate the growth of the infiltrating fibroblasts in a progressing teratocarcinoma In addition the TGF-Bs might co-operate with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) produced by human EC cells [56,621 and stimulate the growth of the infiltrating fibroblasts in a progressing teratocarcinoma…”