Production of gold tips for tip-enhanced near-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy: analysis of the etching parameters

Billot, Laurent; Berguiga, Lotfi; Chapelle, Marc Lamy de la; Gilbert, Yann; Bachelot, Renaud

doi:10.1051/epjap:2005049

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, electrochemical etching has advantages over other methods such as the pulling method1920212223 in terms of a high yield, low cost, and short fabrication time. Other method reported by Johnson et.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging of Two-Dimensional Tungsten Disulfide with Optimized Tip Fabrication Process

Lee

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We successfully achieve the tip-enhanced nano Raman scattering images of a tungsten disulfide monolayer with optimizing a fabrication method of gold nanotip by controlling the concentration of etchant in an electrochemical etching process. By applying a square-wave voltage supplied from an arbitrary waveform generator to a gold wire, which is immersed in a hydrochloric acid solution diluted with ethanol at various ratios, we find that both the conical angle and radius of curvature of the tip apex can be varied by changing the ratio of hydrochloric acid and ethanol. We also suggest a model to explain the origin of these variations in the tip shape. From the systematic study, we find an optimal condition for achieving the yield of ~60% with the radius of ~34 nm and the cone angle of ~35°. Using representative tips fabricated under the optimal etching condition, we demonstrate the tip-enhanced Raman scattering experiment of tungsten disulfide monolayer grown by a chemical vapor deposition method with a spatial resolution of ~40 nm and a Raman enhancement factor of ~4,760.

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confidence: 99%

Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging of Two-Dimensional Tungsten Disulfide with Optimized Tip Fabrication Process

Lee

Kim

Jeong

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…STM tips were prepared by electrochemical etching of a 0.25-mm Au wire (from Goodfellow ) in a concentrated HCl/ethanol 1:1 mixture. Tips with final apex radii lower than 30 nm can be reproducibly prepared in this way [10,11]. A home made circuit automatically switches off the etching current as soon as the lower portion of the wire detaches.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of atomic force mode and tunneling mode tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Picardi

Nguyen

Schreiber

et al. 2007

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. In Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) a metal (or metallized) sharp tip is used to enhance the electromagnetic field by a localized surface-plasmon excitation. Two different modes -atomic force mode (AFM) and scanning tunneling mode (STM) -together with their respective types of probe tips are used in TERS experiments. We have compared the efficiency in enhancing the Raman signal on a thin dye layer for metal-coated AFM tips as well as for electrochemically etched metal STM tips. A much higher enhancement factor and better reproducibility were found when using STM tips. The very different performance is mainly attributed to the more efficient plasmonic excitation when using bulk-metal tips and possibly to the morphological differences in the tip and apex shapes existing between the two tip types.

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“…1(b)), in which a voltage square wave is applied between a working electrode (WE), which is a 100μm gold wire (purity: 99.99%, GoodFellow, UK), and a gold ring counter electrode (CE). Without loss of generality we use a solution of fuming hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%) and ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH, 96%) in a volume proportion of 1: 1 as an etching electrolyte [11][12][13]. − [11,22] which block an access for Cl − anions to WE in the vicinity of an etchant meniscus.…”

Section: Dc-pulsed Voltage Etching With Self-tuneable Duty Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A complete list of optical antennas designs can be found in the following sound review [10]. In most cases, electrochemical etching [11][12][13] and focused ion beam milling [14] are utilized for fabricating the optical antennas. With the methods, a considerable progress has been achieved for mainly shaping mesoscopic surfaces of the optical antennas [15], whereas the reproducibility and reliability of a well-controlled hot spot tip or gap geometry are still painful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical design of plasmonic nanoantennas for tip-enhanced optical spectroscopy and imaging performance

Kharintsev

Алексеев

Vasilchenko

et al. 2015

Opt. Mater. Express

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Optical nanoantennas play a crucial role in controlling near-fields on the nanoscale and being counterparts of commonly used conventional optical components such as lens, prisms, gratings, etc. for shaping the wavefront of light in the far-field. In this paper we highlight a dc-pulsed voltage electrochemical etching method with a self-tuneable duty cycle for highly reproducible design of plasmonic (metallic) nanoantennas. With the method, we introduce such concepts as design, optimization and figure-ofmerit for evaluating fabrication efficiency. The ability of the nanoantennas to enhance and localize the optical fields beyond the diffraction limit is statistically studied with Rayleigh scattering from the tip apex and tipenhanced Raman spectroscopy of a single walled carbon nanotubes bundle.

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Production of gold tips for tip-enhanced near-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy: analysis of the etching parameters

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging of Two-Dimensional Tungsten Disulfide with Optimized Tip Fabrication Process

Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging of Two-Dimensional Tungsten Disulfide with Optimized Tip Fabrication Process

Comparative study of atomic force mode and tunneling mode tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Electrochemical design of plasmonic nanoantennas for tip-enhanced optical spectroscopy and imaging performance

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