Production of glycerol carbonate from glycerol with aid of ionic liquid as catalyst

Ishak, Zati Ismah; Sairi, Nor Asrina; Alias, Yatimah; Aroua, Mohamed Kheireddine; Yusoff, Rozita

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.03.104

Cited by 81 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The catalyst performance was found to strongly contrast the K 2 CO 3 catalyst commonly used, which requires pure glycerol. Similarly, when selected ammonium and imidazolium-based ionic liquids were used as catalysts in the transesterification reaction, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate recorded the highest activity, with glycerol conversion of 93.5%, selectivity 94.9% and GC yield of 88.7% at optimum conditions of 120 • C, 0.5 mol% catalyst loading, diethyl carbonate/glycerol molar ratio of 2 and reaction time of 2 h [176]. There was no significant deactivation even when the catalyst was used three times, which was attributed to excellent interaction between the ionic liquid and the reactant.…”

Section: Glycerol Carbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

et al. 2018

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The depletion of fossil fuels has heightened research and utilization of renewable energy such as biodiesel. However, this has thrown up another challenge of significant increase in its byproduct, glycerol. In view of the characteristics and potentials of glycerol, efforts are on the increase to convert it to higher-value products, which will in turn improve the overall economics of biodiesel production. These high-value products include biofuels, oxygenated fuel additives, polymer precursors and other industrial bio-based chemicals. This review gives up-to-date research findings in the conversion of glycerol to the above high-value products, with a special focus on the performance of the catalysts used and their challenges. The specific products reviewed in this paper include hydrogen, ethanol, methanol, acetin, glycerol ethers, solketal, acetal, acrolein, glycerol carbonate, 1,3-propanediol, polyglycerol and olefins.

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Section: Glycerol Carbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

et al. 2018

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“…More specifically, the transesterification of the afore-mentioned oil feedstocks through catalytic routes produces biodiesel as the main product (90 wt.%) and glycerol as by-product (10 wt.%) (Budzaki et al, 2018). The rapid expansion of the biodiesel industry has, in turn, increased the production of glycerol which is low-cost bio-feed available for value addition (Ishak et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2016). Glycerol (glycerine/1,2,3-propanetriol) contains three hydroxyl groups that can be functionalized through a catalytic process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to limitations like excessive catalyst usage, non-recyclability, serious environmental impacts and corrosion of the equipment, these liquid acids were replaced by solid catalysts. The most widely used catalysts include amberlyst 15,35 (Sudarsanam et al, 2019). Among these metal oxides catalysts, CeO2 and ZrO2 are widely considered favourable for their redox properties and ability to form non-stoichiometric mixed metal oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic studies on the synthesis of fuel additives from glycerol using CeO2–ZrO2 metal oxide catalyst

Kulkarni¹,

Britto²,

Narula³

et al. 2020

Biofuel Res. J.

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Kinetic studies on the synthesis of fuel additives from glycerol using CeO2-ZrO2 metal oxide catalyst. Keywords:Biodiesel Glycerol Fuel additive Acetins Mixed oxide catalyst Kinetic model Highly stable and active CeO2-ZrO2 metal oxide catalyst was synthesized via the combustion method and was further functionalized with sulphate (SO4 2-) groups. The morphology, surface functionalities, and composition of the metal oxide catalyst were determined by scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption and desorption measurement, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized catalyst was used for esterification of glycerol with acetic acid. Effects of the process parameters including acetic acid to glycerol molar ratios (3-20), catalyst loadings (1-9 wt.%) and reaction temperatures (70-110°C) on the glycerol conversion and glycerol acetates selectivity were studied. Excellent catalytic activity was observed by using the sulphated metal oxide catalyst resulting in a glycerol conversion as high as 99.12%. The selectivity towards the di and triacetin (fuel additive) formed stood at 57.28% and 21.26% respectively. The reaction rate constants and activation energies were also estimated using a Quasi-Newton algorithm, namely Broyden's method and Arrhenius equations at 80-110℃. The calculated values were in accordance with the experimental values which confirmed the model. Finally, the developed catalyst could be reused for three consecutive cycle without major loss of its activity. Overall, the findings presented here could be instrumental to drive future research and commercialization efforts directed toward biodiesel glycerol valorisation into fuel additives.© 2020 BRTeam. All rights reserved.Journal homepage: www.biofueljournal.com HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT➢Mixed oxide CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst in unsulphated and sulphated forms was used for glycerol acetylation to produce acetins (fuel additives). ➢Both unsulphated and sulphated mixed oxide catalysts were fully characterized. ➢SO4 2-/CeO2-ZrO2 led to glycerol conversion of 99.12% with selectivity of 57.28% and 21.26% towards di and triacetins, respectively. ➢The activation energy for monoacetin, diacetin, and triacetin formation were 5.34, 16.40, and 43.57 kJ.mol-1, respectively. ➢Regeneration studies indicated the reusability of the catalyst up to three consecutive cycles. Kinetic studies on the synthesis of fuel additives from glycerol using CeO2-ZrO2 metal oxide catalyst.

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“… 7 , 13 , 14 However, the drawbacks including high energy requirements, low catalyst recovery rate, and high pollution of the environment are major disadvantages in chemical catalyzed synthesis processes. 12 , 15 − 17 Enzymatic transesterification of GL with DMC was considered to be one of the compelling candidates of chemical catalysis as a green catalysis route. 18 , 19 According to the literature, the reactions include transesterification, hydrolysis, and the further intramolecular cyclization process, and then equimolar GL and DMC are required by the reaction stoichiometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate Using a Lipase Immobilized on Magnetic Organosilica Nanoflowers as a Catalyst

Du¹,

Gao²,

Kong³

et al. 2018

ACS Omega

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For synthesizing glycerol carbonate (GC) by a reaction between glycerol (GL) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), a lipase immobilized on magnetic organosilica nanoflowers was prepared and utilized as a biocatalyst. Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was chosen as a model enzyme for preparing an immobilized biocatalyst (CALB@nanoflowers). The obtained CALB@nanoflowers was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Effects of GL/DMC molar ratio, biocatalyst amount, temperature, surfactant and molecular sieve addition, and reaction time on the conversion of GL and the selectivity of CALB@nanoflowers were investigated. The optimal catalytic performance (yield of GC: 88.66% and conversion of GL: 94.24%) was achieved under the condition of 1:20 molar ratio of GL to DMC with 0.2 g of molecular sieves added at 50 °C for 24 h. After recycling seven times, the CALB@nanoflowers maintained over 79% of its initial activity and the yield of GC was 70.31%.

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Production of glycerol carbonate from glycerol with aid of ionic liquid as catalyst

Cited by 81 publications

References 48 publications

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

Kinetic studies on the synthesis of fuel additives from glycerol using CeO2–ZrO2 metal oxide catalyst

Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate Using a Lipase Immobilized on Magnetic Organosilica Nanoflowers as a Catalyst

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