Production of ginsenoside by Chaetomium sp. and its effect on enhancing the contents of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng adventitious roots

Xu, Xin-dan; Liang, Wenxia; Yao, Lu; Paek, Kee-Yoeup; Wang, Juan; Gao, Wenyuan

doi:10.1016/j.bej.2021.108100

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In this study, different doses of 60 Co-γ rays affected the contents of the total saponins in GAR, and then affected the scavenging rates of DPPH, ABTS and PTIO free radicals, because the main characteristic active ingredient of GAR is ginsenoside that has the antioxidant effects ( Xu et al, 2021 ). Interestingly, when the irradiation dose was>5 kGy, the content of the total saponins decreased, and the content was inversely proportional to the irradiation dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Study on hypoglycemic effects of irradiated ginseng adventitious roots

Zhang

et al. 2022

Food Chemistry: X

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Study on hypoglycemic effects of irradiated ginseng adventitious roots

Zhang

et al. 2022

Food Chemistry: X

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“…As new data sets of genomic studies on the biosynthetic gene clusters and metabolic pathways of the host plant and endophytes emerge, information on the possibility of microbial engineering, gene-knockout systems, and heterologous expression in yeasts is being explored 65 – 68 . Some endophytes can directly synthesize rare ginsenosides like Rg3 by Chaetomium 69 . The discovery of endophytes that could synthesize CK under in vitro was a possibility that researchers believed could enhance CK production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic fungi of Panax sokpayensis produce bioactive ginsenoside Compound K in flask fermentation

Rai,

Singh,

Shaanker

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Endophytes of Panax have the potential to produce their host plant secondary metabolites, ginsenosides. Panax sokpayensis, an endemic traditional medicinal plant of the Sikkim Himalayas was explored for the isolation of endophytic fungi. In the present study, we have isolated 35 endophytic fungal cultures from the rhizome of P. sokpayensis and screened for ginsenosides production by HPLC by comparing the peak retention time with that of standard ginsenosides. The HPLC analysis revealed that out of 35 isolates, the mycelial extracts of four fungal endophytes (PSRF52, PSRF53, PSRF49 and PSRF58) exhibited peaks with a similar retention time of the standard ginsenoside, Compound K (CK). LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis led to the confirmation of ginsenoside CK production by the four fungal endophytes which showed a compound with m/z 639.6278, similar to that of standard ginsenoside CK with yield in potato dextrose broth flask fermentation ranging from 0.0019 to 0.0386 mg/g of mycelial mass in dry weight basis. The four prospective fungal endophyte isolates were identified as Thermothielavioides terrestris PSRF52, Aspergillus sp. PSRF49, Rutstroemiaceae sp. strain PSRF53, and Phaeosphaeriaceae sp. strain PSRF58 based on ITS sequencing. The present finding highlights the need for further study on growth optimization and other culture parameters to exploit the endophytes as an alternative source for ginsenoside CK production.

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“…Field application of T. citrinoviride also showed decreased levels of foliar infection by A. panax associated with induced expression of several ginsenoside biosynthesis and defense genes. Inoculation of P. ginseng adventitious root cultures with immobilized spores of a Chaetomium endophyte of P. ginseng roots resulted in increased ginsenoside production and expression of several genes for ginsenoside synthesis as well as the defense genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 and PR10–1 [ 55 ]. However, induced resistance against a pathogen was not examined.…”

Section: Ginseng Interactions With Fungal Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Endosphere Microbiome of Ginseng

Goodwin

2022

Plants

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The endosphere of ginseng contains a variety of fungal, bacterial, archaeal and viral endophytes. Bacterial endophytes are primarily members of the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and fungal endophytes are primarily members of the Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Basidiomycota. Although archaea and viruses have been detected in symptomless ginseng plants, little is known about them. Many but not all studies have shown roots having the highest abundance and diversity of bacterial and fungal endophytes, with some endophytes showing specificity to above or belowground tissues. Abundance often increases with root age, although diversity can decrease, possibly related to increases in potential latent fungal pathogen infections. The descriptions of many endophytes that can metabolize ginsenosides indicate an adaptation of the microbes to the unique combination of secondary metabolites found in ginseng tissues. Most research on the benefits provided by bacterial and fungal endophytes has concentrated on improved plant nutrition, growth promotion and increased disease resistance, but little on their ability to increase abiotic stress resistance. Some other areas where more research is needed is field trials with endophyte-treated plants grown in various environments, genomic/metagenomic analysis of endophytes, and the effects of endophytes on induced disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance.

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Production of ginsenoside by Chaetomium sp. and its effect on enhancing the contents of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng adventitious roots

Cited by 16 publications

References 68 publications

Study on hypoglycemic effects of irradiated ginseng adventitious roots

Study on hypoglycemic effects of irradiated ginseng adventitious roots

Endophytic fungi of Panax sokpayensis produce bioactive ginsenoside Compound K in flask fermentation

The Endosphere Microbiome of Ginseng

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