Production of .GAMMA.-glutamylmethylamide and .GAMMA.-glutamylethylamide by coupling of baker's yeast preparations and bacterial glutamine synthetase.

Theanine Production by Coupled Fermentation with Energy Transfer EmployingPseudomonas taetrolensY-30 Glutamine Synthetase and Baker’s Yeast Cells

“…A temporary reaction mixture for coupled fermentation with energy transfer 20) was used as an initial mixture, and was defined according to the previous findings. 11,12) The mixture (1 ml in a test tube) contained (1) 200 mM sodium glutamate and 300 mM ethylamine . HCl (substrates for theanine synthesis by GS), (2) 200 mM glucose and 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 (substrates for yeast fermentation of sugar), (3) 25 mM MgCl 2 and 5 mM MnCl 2 (cofactor for GS and several enzymes in yeast sugar fermentation), (4) 5 mM AMP (ATP source), and (5) enzyme preparations (GS and dried yeast cells; their concentration is indicated in the legend to each experiment).…”

“…11) This is an application of glutamine production from glutamic acid and ammonia by the ''coupled fermentation with energy transfer'', 12,13) which has been developed through work on fermentative production of nucleic acid-related compounds, sugar-phosphates, etc.…”

Cloning and Expression ofPseudomonas taetrolensY-30 Gene Encoding Glutamine Synthetase: An Enzyme Available for Theanine Production by Coupled Fermentation with Energy Transfer

“…18,19,22) In this method, a catalytic amount of another substrate ATP is regenerated by sugar fermentation of baker's yeast.…”

A Novel Method of Production of Theanine by ImmobilizedPseudomonas nitroreducensCells

“…3) However, the yield was not satisfactory and the purification of the product complicated. Tachiki et al (1986) reported production of theanine from glutamic acid and ethylamine by coupling baker's yeast and bacterial cells for glutamine synthetase. 4 ) An enzymic theanine synthesis has also been reported.…”

“…Tachiki et al (1986) reported production of theanine from glutamic acid and ethylamine by coupling baker's yeast and bacterial cells for glutamine synthetase. 4 ) An enzymic theanine synthesis has also been reported. 8 • 9 ) This paper deals with immobilization of cells of Pseudomonas nitroreducens and some of its properties as a glutaminase for synthesis of theanine.…”